A method of determining multimodal polyethylene quality comprising the steps of (a) providing a multimodal polyethylene resin sample; (b) determining, in any sequence, the following: that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a melt index within 30% of a target melt index; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a density within 2.5% of a target density; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a dynamic viscosity deviation (% MVD) from a target dynamic viscosity of less than about 100%; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) deviation (% M.sub.wD) from a target M.sub.w of less than about 20%; and that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve profile deviation (% GPCD) from a target GPC curve profile of less than about 15%; and (c) responsive to step (b), designating the multimodal polyethylene resin sample as a high quality resin.

System and methods for plasma treatment of a fluidized bed of particles are disclosed. The systems include an energy coupling zone configured to generate a plasma from microwave radiation and an interface element configured to propagate the plasma from the energy coupling zone to a reaction zone. The reaction zone is configured to receive the plasma, receive a plurality of reactant particles in a fluidization plane direction from a fluidization assembly positioned below the reaction zone, and form a product in presence of the plasma. The fluidization plane is substantially perpendicular to the propagated plasma.

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

A microwave-based thermal coupling chemical looping gasification method and device. The device includes: a microwave radiation cavity; a loading recess of a microwave absorbing material; and a quartz pipe reaction cavity between the microwave radiation cavity and the loading recess of a microwave absorbing material. A microwave generator consisting of magnetrons is provided at a central portion of the microwave radiation cavity and below the loading recess. An infrared temperature-measuring probe group is arranged at two ends of the magnetrons. Two ends of the microwave radiation cavity are connected to a first and second three-way valves, in communication with the ambient atmosphere and a protection gas charging device. A protection gas cooling device and a protection gas circulating fan are sequentially connected in series on a pipeline between the valves.

A method for continuously producing a product (A1) by way of at least two coupled-together chemical reactions (C1, C2), wherein at least two input substances (E1, E2) are fed to a first chemical reaction (C1), wherein a plurality of intermediate substances (Z1, Z2) are produced from the input substances (E1, E2) by the first chemical reaction (C1), wherein at least one of the intermediate substances (Z2) is fed to a second chemical reaction (C2), wherein the at least one fed intermediate substance (Z2) is further processed by the second chemical reaction (C2), in particular using at least one further substance (W1, W2) in a second chemical reaction (C2) to form a plurality of output substances (A1, A2), that is to say to form the chemical product (A1) and at least one further output substance (A2), wherein the flow rates (F.sub.i) of the fed substances (E1, E2, Z1, W1, W2, A2) that are fed to one of the reactions (C1, C2) are set by a respective actuating element (V.sub.E1, V.sub.E2, V.sub.W1, V.sub.W 2, V.sub.Z 2, V.sub.A1), wherein each of the fed substances is assigned a separate actuating element, wherein a manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,R, S.sub.i,R) that is stipulated by a controller (R.sub.E2, R.sub.i) is respectively applied to at least one of the actuating elements, wherein, for changing the production rate of the chemical product (A1), a temporary manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,temp, S.sub.i,temp) is respectively applied during a transient phase (II, III) to at least one of these actuating elements (V.sub.E2, V.sub.i) instead of the manipulated variables (S.sub.E2,R, S.sub.i,R) stipulated by the respective controllers (R.sub.E2, R.sub.i), wherein the temporary manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,temp, S.sub.i,temp) or the temporary manipulated variables is/are generated by at least one control unit (SE) in dependence on a default value (NV).

A system including a gas production device including (a) a solid containing compartment configured to contain a solid, (b) at least one fluid channel with an inlet and an outlet comprising an opening along at least a portion of its length, the opening facing the solid, (c) a solution compartment configured to contain a solution, the solution compartment: (1) being in fluid communication with the fluid channel inlet and outlet, (2) located along a fluid pathway in between the fluid channel outlet and inlet, and (3) at least one hydrogen gas outlet, (d) a fluid flow driver in fluid communication with the fluid pathway, and (e) a fluid flow rate regulator connected to the fluid flow driver. Disclosed is also a method for producing a gas (e.g., hydrogen).

Methods and systems for performing transient processes may include: providing a path and path thresholds for an operational condition as a function of progress of a transient process based on historical data of previously performed transient processes; performing the transient process in a chemical reactor using operational parameters; measuring the operational condition of the transient process as a function of the progress of the transient process; and adjusting one or more of the operational parameters during the progress of the transient process to maintain the operational condition within the path thresholds.

A method for continuously producing a product (A1) by way of at least two coupled-together chemical reactions (C1, C2), wherein at least two input substances (E1, E2) are fed to a first chemical reaction (C1), wherein a plurality of intermediate substances (Z1, Z2) are produced from the input substances (E1, E2) by the first chemical reaction (C1), wherein at least one of the intermediate substances (Z2) is fed to a second chemical reaction (C2), wherein the at least one fed intermediate substance (Z2) is further processed by the second chemical reaction (C2), in particular using at least one further substance (W1, W2) in a second chemical reaction (C2) to form a plurality of output substances (A1, A2), that is to say to form the chemical product (A1) and at least one further output substance (A2), wherein the flow rates (F.sub.i) of the fed substances (E1, E2, Z1, W1, W2, A2) that are fed to one of the reactions (C1, C2) are set by a respective actuating element (V.sub.E1, V.sub.E2, V.sub.W1, V.sub.W 2, V.sub.Z 2, V.sub.A1), wherein each of the fed substances is assigned a separate actuating element, wherein a manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,R, S.sub.i,R) that is stipulated by a controller (R.sub.E2, R.sub.i) is respectively applied to at least one of the actuating elements, wherein, for changing the production rate of the chemical product (A1), a temporary manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,temp, S.sub.i,temp) is respectively applied during a transient phase (II, III) to at least one of these actuating elements (V.sub.E2, V.sub.i) instead of the manipulated variables (S.sub.E2, R, S.sub.i,R) stipulated by the respective controllers (R.sub.E2, R.sub.i), wherein the temporary manipulated variable (S.sub.E2,temp, S.sub.i,temp) or the temporary manipulated variables is/are generated by at least one control unit (SE) in dependence on a default value (NV).

A microwave-based thermal coupling chemical looping gasification method and device. The device includes: a microwave radiation cavity; a loading recess of a microwave absorbing material; and a quartz pipe reaction cavity between the microwave radiation cavity and the loading recess of a microwave absorbing material. A microwave generator consisting of magnetrons is provided at a central portion of the microwave radiation cavity and below the loading recess. An infrared temperature-measuring probe group is arranged at two ends of the magnetrons. Two ends of the microwave radiation cavity are connected to a first and second three-way valves, in communication with the ambient atmosphere and a protection gas charging device. A protection gas cooling device and a protection gas circulating fan are sequentially connected in series on a pipeline between the valves.

A method and an apparatus for detailed continuous monitoring of the thermal environment for a tube or a plurality of tubes and calculation and prediction of remaining lifetime of said tubes.