Method of processing and handling solids and mixtures capable of deflagration, in particular of processing materials capable of deflagration in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, wherein the processing and handling is carried out in an environment under a reduced pressure of ≦500 mbara and the processing and/or handling comprises one or more process steps selected from the group consisting of filtration, milling, sieving, mixing, homogenization, granulation, compacting, packaging, drying, storage and transport in a transport container and other steps in apparatuses having mechanical internals.

A chemical reaction hazard analysis method is disclosed. Safety data and preventive measures of a chemical reaction are obtained through analysis of material stability, reaction process hazards and reaction runaway. The method can shorten a distance from laboratory to industrialization and realize an organic combination and application of technology, safety and engineer. The data obtain by the method can provide underlying basic data for process design, engineer amplification and the like, and lay a foundation for realizing process safety, improving quality and increasing efficiency.

An apparatus for producing polyethylene glycol dinitrate. The apparatus includes providing continuously an acid composition and a glycol composition to a reaction apparatus; reacting the acid composition and the glycol composition in the reaction apparatus in a continuous manner to generate a reaction composition; using an alkaline composition to at least partially neutralize the reaction composition to cause at least a portion of the polyethylene glycol dinitrate to deposit from a solution of the reaction composition; and extracting the deposit of polyethylene glycol dinitrate.

Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting temperature excursion in a chemical plant or petrochemical plant or refinery. Aspects of the disclosure provide an enhanced control system for a reactor, such as in hydroprocessing. The enhanced control system may provide early warnings of impending undesirable events, directly or indirectly manipulate certain process variables to reduce undesirable outcomes, and/or directly or indirectly manipulate of certain process variables so as to place a reactor unit in a safe park state. This may avoid a high temperature trip, depressuration, associated operating risks, allow for faster recovery from temperature excursions, and/or avoid unplanned emergency shutdowns of the reactor, chemical process, plant, or refinery.

An apparatus for producing polyethylene glycol dinitrate. The apparatus includes providing continuously an acid composition and a glycol composition to a reaction apparatus; reacting the acid composition and the glycol composition in the reaction apparatus in a continuous manner to generate a reaction composition; using an alkaline composition to at least partially neutralize the reaction composition to cause at least a portion of the polyethylene glycol dinitrate to deposit from a solution of the reaction composition; and extracting the deposit of polyethylene glycol dinitrate.