A catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system and a method for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst by correcting for non-catalytic effects with the catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system. The dual reactor system contains a first reactor comprising a first catalyst on a first catalyst support, and a second reactor comprising a second catalyst support, wherein the particle size and amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst support are substantially the same, and the effect of the catalyst is isolated by correcting the result obtained from the first reactor containing the catalyst with the result obtained from the second reactor containing the catalyst support.

The invention relates to an apparatus for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions comprising at least one reactor (3) through which a particulate catalyst flows and at least one reactant feed, wherein arranged downstream of each reactor (3) is a separation apparatus (17) for separating the particulate catalyst from a reaction product comprising condensable gases and arranged downstream of the separation apparatus (17) is a liquid separator (31) for separating liquid constituents from the reaction product, wherein the liquid separator (31) comprises a metallic tube (103) and a deflection body (119), wherein the metallic tube (103) is closed at its ends and the deflection body (119) is accommodated in the metallic tube (103) and the metallic tube (103) comprises a side feed (135) at a first end (105) and a gas outlet (113) at a second end (107) and the gas outlet (113) is connected to at least one sample vessel (37). The invention further relates to a process for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the apparatus.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for using laser ablation to manufacture nanoparticles. An example method includes steps of generating, by a laser beam generator, a laser beam, splitting, by a set of beam splitters, the laser beam into a plurality of derivative laser beams, and directing each derivative laser beam towards a plurality of targets. In this example method, the plurality of targets are submerged in corresponding synthesis solvents within corresponding synthesis chambers. Moreover, interaction of each derivative laser beam with its corresponding target releases nanoparticles into the corresponding synthesis solvent to create a nanoparticle solution including both the corresponding synthesis solvent and the released nanoparticles.

An autoclave reactor having polycrystalline diamond bearings. The autoclave reactor can include a housing for containing at least one reaction material therein, a motor disposed within the housing, an agitator connected to the motor for stirring the at least one material within the housing, the agitator having a shaft connected to the motor at one end thereof, and at least one bearing disposed adjacent to the shaft or adjacent to the connection of the shaft to the motor, the at least one bearing being made of polycrystalline diamond. A process for making low density polyethylene (LDPE) can include introducing ethylene to the autoclave reactor disclosed herein and polymerizing the ethylene within a housing of the reactor to provide the low density polyethylene.

A microfluidic device comprising a plurality of microreactors is provided. Each microreactor includes at least a first inlet and a second inlet for supplying a first fluid and a second fluid, respectively, to said microreactor and at least one waste channel for draining fluid from said microreactor. The device further comprises a shared first microfluidic supply system for supplying a first fluid to the first inlets of the plurality of microreactors, a shared second microfluidic supply system for supplying a second fluid to the second inlets of the plurality of microreactors. At least one of said inlets to each microreactor comprises at least one valve-less fluidic resistance element having a fluidic resistance that is substantially larger than the fluidic resistance of the corresponding shared microfluidic supply system. A chemical reaction sequencer apparatus including the microfluidic device and a method for supplying reagents to a plurality of microreactors are also provided.

Flow control mechanisms control the direction and flow rate of synthesis reagent through one or more synthesis reaction vessels for automated solid phase synthesis. Selectable, known, and reproducible positive or negative pressure differentials (−5 to +10 psi) accomplish controlled, bidirectional (forward and reverse) flow of synthesis reagents through synthesis media contained within the reaction vessels. Venturi-based vacuum apparatus, valves, electronic pressure regulators and compound digital pressure gauge, can be added to automated solid phase synthesis instruments to provide, control, and monitor known, selectable, reproducible negative and positive pressures to one or both valve sealable and un-sealable ends (inlets and outlets) of the reaction vessel as needed to generate and reverse said pressure differentials between the opposite ends of said synthesis reaction vessels, yielding controlled forward and backward flows of synthesis reagents through the synthesis media.

The present disclosure provides fluidic devices and fluidic device assemblies, including microfluidic devices and cartridges comprising the same, that in illustrative embodiments, can be used to make particles or protein precipitates, or to monitor precipitate formation. The fluidic devices typically include channels that connect a reaction well to an inlet port and an outlet port, and a fluidic constriction channel that is configured to help retain fluids in the reaction well and/or promote mixing within the reaction well. In some aspect, fluidic devices are interconnected into fluidic assemblies that can be used in continuous process methods.

Multi-stage sample-recovery systems, including automated 2-stage and 3-stage sample-recovery systems, are provided. Such systems enable the rapid screening and recovery of samples, including viable cell-based samples, from high-throughput screening systems, including systems utilizing large-scale arrays of microcapillaries. In specific screening systems, each microcapillary comprises a solution containing a variant protein, an immobilized target molecule, and a reporter element. Immobilized target molecules may include any molecule of interest, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. The association of a variant protein with a molecular target is assessed by measuring a signal from the reporter element. The contents of microcapillaries identified in the assays as containing variant proteins of interest can be identified and recovered using the multi-stage systems disclosed herein.

The invention proceeds from an apparatus for analyzing reactions, comprising a starting material distributor (7) and at least two reactors (3) which are connected in parallel and are each connected via a connecting conduit (5) to an outlet of the starting material distributor (7). To set the inflow, a pressure regulator (33) and a restrictor (19) are installed in each connecting conduit (5) between the starting material distributor (7) and the reactors (3) or an outlet conduit (13) in which a restrictor (19) and a pressure regulator (33) are installed branches off from each connecting conduit (5).

The invention further relates to a method for analyzing reactions in such an apparatus.

Flow control mechanisms control the direction and flow rate of synthesis reagent through one or more synthesis reaction vessels for automated solid phase synthesis. Selectable, known, and reproducible positive or negative pressure differentials (−5 to +10 psi) accomplish controlled, bidirectional (forward and reverse) flow of synthesis reagents through synthesis media contained within the reaction vessels. Venturi-based vacuum apparatus, valves, electronic pressure regulators and compound digital pressure gauge, can be added to automated solid phase synthesis instruments to provide, control, and monitor known, selectable, reproducible negative and positive pressures to one or both valve sealable and un-sealable ends (inlets and outlets) of the reaction vessel as needed to generate and reverse said pressure differentials between the opposite ends of said synthesis reaction vessels, yielding controlled forward and backward flows of synthesis reagents through the synthesis media.