A catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system and a method for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst by correcting for non-catalytic effects with the catalytic reaction analysis dual reactor system. The dual reactor system contains a first reactor comprising a first catalyst on a first catalyst support, and a second reactor comprising a second catalyst support, wherein the particle size and amount of the first catalyst and the second catalyst support are substantially the same, and the effect of the catalyst is isolated by correcting the result obtained from the first reactor containing the catalyst with the result obtained from the second reactor containing the catalyst support.

A reactor system for conducting multiple continuous reactions in parallel may include a preheating unit that includes an outer preheater shell and a plurality of heating tubes disposed within the preheating shell and arranged in parallel. The reactor system may include a reactor unit downstream of the preheating unit, the reactor unit comprising a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a reactor shell and an outer heating element disposed about the reactor shell. An inlet end of at least one of the reactor tubes may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the heating tubes of the preheating unit. The reactor unit may include a multi-chamber separator downstream of the reactor unit, the multi-chamber separator having a plurality of separation chambers. At least one of the separation chambers may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the reactor tubes.

The invention refers to a modular continuous flow device for automated chemical multistep synthesis under continuous flow conditions. The device comprises a plurality of different types of continuous flow modules and a valve assembly for connecting the continuous flow modules to each other in a parallel or radial manner. This arrangement allows conducting chemical reaction sequences by pre-synthesizing and intermediately storing or simultaneously synthesizing at least one intermediate product which is needed in the main synthetic reaction sequence in order to obtain the final product.

The invention refers to a modular continuous flow device for automated chemical multistep synthesis under continuous flow conditions. The device comprises a plurality of different types of continuous flow modules and a valve assembly for connecting the continuous flow modules to each other in a parallel or radial manner. This arrangement allows conducting chemical reaction sequences by pre-synthesizing and intermediately storing or simultaneously synthesizing at least one intermediate product which is needed in the main synthetic reaction sequence in order to obtain the final product.

A reactor system for conducting multiple continuous reactions in parallel may include a preheating unit that includes an outer preheater shell and a plurality of heating tubes disposed within the preheating shell and arranged in parallel. The reactor system may include a reactor unit downstream of the preheating unit, the reactor unit comprising a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a reactor shell and an outer heating element disposed about the reactor shell. An inlet end of at least one of the reactor tubes may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the heating tubes of the preheating unit. The reactor unit may include a multi-chamber separator downstream of the reactor unit, the multi-chamber separator having a plurality of separation chambers. At least one of the separation chambers may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the reactor tubes.

A method includes flowing an incorporation reagent through a reagent management system and a flow cell of an instrument. The flow cell having a first polynucleotide positioned therein. The incorporation reagent adding a first base onto a sequence of bases. The sequence of bases includes a second polynucleotide complementary to the first polynucleotide. An image of an identification signal emanating from the first base is captured after the first base has been added onto the second polynucleotide. A cleavage reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell to remove a first terminator from the first base in order to enable a subsequent base in the sequence of bases to be added to the second polynucleotide. A buffer reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell in a plurality of cycles of consecutive forward and reverse flow directions.

A method includes flowing an incorporation reagent through a reagent management system and a flow cell of an instrument. The flow cell having a first polynucleotide positioned therein. The incorporation reagent adding a first base onto a sequence of bases. The sequence of bases includes a second polynucleotide complementary to the first polynucleotide. An image of an identification signal emanating from the first base is captured after the first base has been added onto the second polynucleotide. A cleavage reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell to remove a first terminator from the first base in order to enable a subsequent base in the sequence of bases to be added to the second polynucleotide. A buffer reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell in a plurality of cycles of consecutive forward and reverse flow directions.

A method includes flowing an incorporation reagent through a reagent management system and a flow cell of an instrument. The flow cell having a first polynucleotide positioned therein. The incorporation reagent adding a first base onto a sequence of bases. The sequence of bases includes a second polynucleotide complementary to the first polynucleotide. An image of an identification signal emanating from the first base is captured after the first base has been added onto the second polynucleotide. A cleavage reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell to remove a first terminator from the first base in order to enable a subsequent base in the sequence of bases to be added to the second polynucleotide. A buffer reagent is flowed through the reagent management system and flow cell in a plurality of cycles of consecutive forward and reverse flow directions.

An automatic preparation method of a fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is provided via an automatic preparation device. In the preparation method, the automatic preparation of three components (D+EF+GH) is realized through automatic sampling and monitoring, and a fully-protected fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate (shown in formula I) is obtained. In this way, automatic synthesis of the fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is realized, which saves manpower and improves efficiency and productivity, and has high safety and reproducibility. The preparation method can be directly monitored online, which is convenient for optimizing and monitoring a real-time status of reactions. Furthermore, automatic temperature control can better meet the needs of the reactions for temperature rise and fall. The preparation method adopts a pre-activation one-pot mode, which reduces the number of separations and is easy to operate. Moreover, the method selects commonly-used ester protecting groups, has higher stereoselectivity and yield, and can use general-purpose deprotection measures.

Provided are a test device and a test method. In the test device, sample feeders feed samples to a catalyst at a preset flow rate, and each of multiple reaction vessels includes a catalyst layer filled with the catalyst. Feed side switching valves connect a feed flow path through which the samples are fed, to a feed destination reaction vessel, and an outflow side switching valve connects a sample flow path intended to collect the samples for analysis, to an outflow source reaction vessel through which the sample flows out of the catalyst layer. A control unit performs a switching control of the feed destination reaction vessel and the outflow source reaction vessel with the feed side switching valves and the outflow side switching valve, such that a reaction rate test is performed under at least three conditions having different residence times in the catalyst layer.