A reactor for the synthesis of urea comprising a vertical shell and perforated baffles or trays (3) arranged to define compartments of the reactor, wherein each baffle comprises an array of individual perforated tiles (10) wherein each tile (101) comprises side walls (101A-101D) and a top face (101F), the side walls having first perforations for the liquid and said top face having second perforations for the gas, wherein said second perforations are smaller than said first perforations, and the tiles are distributed over the baffle with a two-dimensional pattern where adjacent tiles are separated by gaps (17).

Process for the production of a product gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen from ammonia comprising the steps of non-catalytic partial oxidation of ammonia with an oxygen containing gas to a process gas containing nitrogen, water, amounts of nitrogen oxides and residual amounts of ammonia; cracking of at least a part of the residual amounts of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen in the process gas by contact with a nickel containing catalyst and simultaneously reducing the amounts of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water by reaction with a part of the hydrogen formed during cracking of the process gas by contact of the process gas with the nickel containing catalyst; and withdrawing the hydrogen and nitrogen containing product gas.

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a CO.sub.2 removal unit to remove a substantial fraction of CO.sub.2 from the desulfurized gas.

The invention proceeds from an apparatus for analyzing reactions, comprising a starting material distributor (7) and at least two reactors (3) which are connected in parallel and are each connected via a connecting conduit (5) to an outlet of the starting material distributor (7). To set the inflow, a pressure regulator (33) and a restrictor (19) are installed in each connecting conduit (5) between the starting material distributor (7) and the reactors (3) or an outlet conduit (13) in which a restrictor (19) and a pressure regulator (33) are installed branches off from each connecting conduit (5).

The invention further relates to a method for analyzing reactions in such an apparatus.

The invention proceeds from an apparatus for analyzing reactions, comprising a starting material distributor and at least two reactors which are connected in parallel and are each connected via a connecting conduit to an outlet of the starting material distributor. To set the inflow, a pressure regulator and a restrictor are installed in each connecting conduit between the starting material distributor and the reactors or an outlet conduit in which a restrictor and a pressure regulator are installed branches off from each connecting conduit. The invention further relates to a method for analyzing reactions in such an apparatus.

To provide a continuous production apparatus and a continuous production method for an aromatic polymer which enable resource conservation, energy conservation, and equipment costs reduction. A continuous production method for an aromatic polymer having an ether bond or an imide bond, the method including: (a) supplying a polymerization solvent and a reaction raw material to a continuous production apparatus including a plurality of reaction vessels; (b) performing a polycondensation reaction in the polymerization solvent in at least one of the reaction vessels to form a reaction mixture; and (c) successively moving the reaction mixture to each of the reaction vessel, the steps (a), (b), and (c) being performed in parallel; wherein an ether bond or an imide bond is formed by the polycondensation reaction; respective gas phase parts of the plurality of reaction vessels communicate with one another; and a pressure of each of the gas phase parts is uniform.

In a process as disclosed according to the present invention, gases or gas mixtures used to form a reactant mixture in an at least temporarily ignitable composition are fed into a mixing chamber (11) through the passages (131) in a boundary wall (13) of the mixing chamber (11) and by means of one or more feed conduits (14) which have feed orifices (141) and extend into the mixing chamber (11), respectively. The present invention likewise provides a corresponding reactor (1).

Plasma polymerisation apparatus is disclosed including a reaction zone and at least one gas inlet for supplying at least one monomer in a gaseous form to the reaction zone, a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart and configured to generate an electric field in the reaction zone to form plasma polymer nanoparticulate material from the at least one monomer, a plurality of collectors configured to collect plasma-polymer nanoparticulate material formed in the reaction zone, the plurality of collectors being located adjacent the second electrode, and a cooling device located adjacent the second electrode and configured to cool the plurality of collectors. Also disclosed is plasma polymerisation apparatus that includes a confinement grid extending between a first electrode and a second electrode of the apparatus.

To provide a continuous production apparatus and a continuous production method for an aromatic polymer which enable resource conservation, energy conservation, and equipment costs reduction. A continuous production method for an aromatic polymer having an ether bond or an imide bond, the method including: (a) supplying a polymerization solvent and a reaction raw material to a continuous production apparatus including a plurality of reaction vessels; (b) performing a polycondensation reaction in the polymerization solvent in at least one of the reaction vessels to form a reaction mixture; and (c) successively moving the reaction mixture to each of the reaction vessel, the steps (a), (b), and (c) being performed in parallel; wherein an ether bond or an imide bond is formed by the polycondensation reaction; respective gas phase parts of the plurality of reaction vessels communicate with one another; and a pressure of each of the gas phase parts is uniform.

A process for forming and for catalytically converting an ignitable gas mixture is proposed, in which at least a first gas or gas mixture comprising oxygen and a second gas or gas mixture comprising one or more oxidizable compounds are mixed to give the ignitable gas mixture, where the ignitable gas mixture is supplied to a reaction zone (12) of a reactor (1). The first gas or gas mixture and the second gas or gas mixture are fed into a mixing chamber (11) having a boundary wall (13) provided with a number of passages (131), where the first gas or gas mixture is fed into the mixing chamber (11) through the passages (131) in the boundary wall (13) and where the second gas or gas mixture is fed into the mixing chamber (11) by means of one or more feed conduits (14) which have feed orifices (141) and extend into the mixing chamber (11). The present invention likewise provides a corresponding reactor (1).