Provided are methods for biological sample processing and analysis. A method can comprise providing a substrate configured to rotate. The substrate can comprise an array having immobilized thereto a biological analyte. A solution comprising a plurality of probes may be directed, via centrifugal force, across the substrate during rotation of the substrate, to couple at least one of the plurality of probes with the biological analyte. A detector can be configured to detect a signal from the at least one probe coupled to the biological analyte, thereby analyzing the biological analyte.

The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods involving a spotter apparatus for depositing a substance from a carrier fluid onto a deposition surface in an ordered array, the spotter apparatus comprising a loading surface including a first well and a second well; and a different outlet surface, including a first opening and a second opening, where a first microconduit fluidly couples the first well with the first opening and a second microconduit fluidly couples the second well with the second opening. An overlay is sealed to the outlet surface and penetrated by a deposition channel that is situated to communicate carrier fluid among the first opening, the second opening, and the deposition surface when the overlay is pressed against the deposition surface.

Disclosed herein are formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed herein are methods for manufacturing and using the formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed are methods for identifying peptide sequences useful for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, and methods for using the peptide sequences for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, e.g., celiac disorder. In certain embodiments, substrates and arrays comprise a porous layer for synthesis and attachment of polymers or biomolecules.

De novo polynucleotide synthesis is performed with a substrate-bound polymerase. The polymerase is attached to a solid substrate such as a microelectrode array. The polymerase adds nucleotides to growing polynucleotides strands that are also attached to the solid substrate. Spatial control of polymerase activity is achieved by changing the rate of nucleotide polymerization at selected locations on the surface of the solid substrate. The rate of polymerization is changed by inhibiting or promoting activity of the polymerase. In some implementations, activation of electrodes in the microelectrode array changes the rate of nucleotide polymerization. Nucleotides are added to the growing polynucleotide strands at areas where the polymerase is active. By varying the locations where the substrate-bound polymerase is active and the species of nucleotide added, a population of polynucleotides with different, arbitrary sequences is synthesized on the surface of the solid substrate.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

The present disclosure relates to the field of molecular biology and more specifically to microarrays and methods, including methods for modifying immobilized capture primers comprising: a) contacting a substrate comprising a plurality of immobilized capture primers with a plurality of template nucleic acids under conditions sufficient for hybridization to produce one or more immobilized template nucleic acids, and b) extending one or more immobilized capture primers to produce one or more immobilized extension products complementary to the one or more template nucleic acid.

Devices and methods for de novo synthesis of large and highly accurate libraries of oligonucleic acids are provided herein. Devices include structures having a main channel and microchannels, where the microchannels have a high surface area to volume ratio. Devices disclosed herein provide for de novo synthesis of oligonucleic acids having a low error rate.

A method of storing information using monomers such as nucleotides is provided including converting a format of information into a plurality of bit sequences of a bit stream with each having a corresponding bit barcode, converting the plurality of bit sequences to a plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences using one bit per base encoding, synthesizing the plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences on a substrate having a plurality of reaction locations, and storing the synthesized plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences.

The present invention generally relates to automated synthesis technology, and more particularly, to a device and method for automated synthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides on a solid support. In particular the present invention relates to a device for automated synthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides on a solid support comprising a reaction vessel, a reagent storing component, a reagent delivery system, a cooling device for cooling reaction vessel, and a pre-cooling device for pre-cooling the reagents to be supplied.