A system for pressurising parallel batch reactors, and a process for using such to pressurize batch reactors to a pressure of between 20 and 150 barg. The reactors are closed by a removable reactor closure system for covering the mouth of such reactor, wherein the closure system comprises an elastomeric septum and a rigid member with a small hole covering the septum. The septum may be pierced with a specific hollow needle, e.g. to force pressurized gas in the reactor, which pressure can be maintained for prolonged periods after withdrawing the needle. The closure system does not require moving parts.

The invention relates to an apparatus for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions comprising at least one reactor (3) through which a particulate catalyst flows and at least one reactant feed, wherein arranged downstream of each reactor (3) is a separation apparatus (17) for separating the particulate catalyst from a reaction product comprising condensable gases and arranged downstream of the separation apparatus (17) is a liquid separator (31) for separating liquid constituents from the reaction product, wherein the liquid separator (31) comprises a metallic tube (103) and a deflection body (119), wherein the metallic tube (103) is closed at its ends and the deflection body (119) is accommodated in the metallic tube (103) and the metallic tube (103) comprises a side feed (135) at a first end (105) and a gas outlet (113) at a second end (107) and the gas outlet (113) is connected to at least one sample vessel (37). The invention further relates to a process for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the apparatus.

An autoclave reactor having polycrystalline diamond bearings. The autoclave reactor can include a housing for containing at least one reaction material therein, a motor disposed within the housing, an agitator connected to the motor for stirring the at least one material within the housing, the agitator having a shaft connected to the motor at one end thereof, and at least one bearing disposed adjacent to the shaft or adjacent to the connection of the shaft to the motor, the at least one bearing being made of polycrystalline diamond. A process for making low density polyethylene (LDPE) can include introducing ethylene to the autoclave reactor disclosed herein and polymerizing the ethylene within a housing of the reactor to provide the low density polyethylene.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the deposit of metallic transition metal, particularly palladium, on a metal part in hydrogenation reactions using hydrogen and a heterogenous supported palladium catalyst. These metallic transition metal deposit, particularly palladium deposits, are particularly formed at areas which are exposed to high velocity and shear forces of the hydrogenation mixture comprising the transition metal catalyst, particularly palladium catalyst. They are significantly reduced or even avoided when the surface of the respective metal parts are coated by a plasma sprayed ceramic coating.

A fluid reactor for generating particulate fluids by collision, has a housing which encloses a collision chamber, a first fluid nozzle, and a second fluid nozzle oriented opposite thereto in a collinear manner, which is located directly opposite the first fluid nozzle in a jet direction of the first and second fluid nozzles in a common collision zone, at least one rinsing fluid inlet into the collision chamber arranged on a first side of the first fluid nozzle, and at least one product outlet out of the collision chamber arranged on a second side of the second fluid nozzle.

The invention relates to a reactor arrangement and to a method for decomposing objects of plastic-based composite materials into their individual constituents by way of a solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber in which the objects as exposed to a solvent in the supercritical state. The invention is characterized in that at least three pressure chambers located in series, a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjoining the same, and a second load lock chamber adjoining the latter, which are each connected to each other via an actuatable partition which can be moved from an open position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other, to a closed position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally and pressure-specifically isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected via at least one first line to the first load lock chamber and can be connected to a first pressurizable feed line, via which solvent can be fed the reactor chamber.

A fluid reactor for generating particulate fluids by collision, has a housing which encloses a collision chamber, a first fluid nozzle, and a second fluid nozzle oriented opposite thereto in a collinear manner, which is located directly opposite the first fluid nozzle in a jet direction of the first and second fluid nozzles in a common collision zone, at least one rinsing fluid inlet into the collision chamber arranged on a first side of the first fluid nozzle, and at least one product outlet out of the collision chamber arranged on a second side of the second fluid nozzle.

The invention relates to an apparatus for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions comprising at least one reactor (3) through which a particulate catalyst flows and at least one reactant feed, wherein arranged downstream of each reactor (3) is a separation apparatus (17) for separating the particulate catalyst from a reaction product comprising condensable gases and arranged downstream of the separation apparatus (17) is a liquid separator (31) for separating liquid constituents from the reaction product, wherein the liquid separator (31) comprises a metallic tube (103) and a deflection body (119), wherein the metallic tube (103) is closed at its ends and the deflection body (119) is accommodated in the metallic tube (103) and the metallic tube (103) comprises a side feed (135) at a first end (105) and a gas outlet (113) at a second end (107) and the gas outlet (113) is connected to at least one sample vessel (37). The invention further relates to a process for analyzing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in the apparatus.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the deposit of metallic transition metal, particularly palladium, on a metal part in hydrogenation reactions using hydrogen and a heterogenous supported palladium catalyst. These metallic transition metal deposit, particularly palladium deposits, are particularly formed at areas which are exposed to high velocity and shear forces of the hydrogenation mixture comprising the transition metal catalyst, particularly palladium catalyst. They are significantly reduced or even avoided when the surface of the respective metal parts are coated by a plasma sprayed ceramic coating.