A flow reactor can promote a reaction under appropriate temperature management, can precent reaction fluid or generated gas from being trapped in a heat transmission part, can be disassembled for easy cleaning, and to which a coating or lining can be applied. This flow reactor is provided with two flow paths, a reaction flow path and a second flow path, in a space formed between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder that are concentric. A spiral heat transmission body is disposed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the spiral heat transmission body has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape in an axial cross-sectional view. The spiral heat transmission body partitions the space into the reaction flow path and the second flow path, and heat is exchanged via the spiral heat transmission body between a reaction fluid F1 flowing through the reaction flow path and a heat medium F2 flowing through the second flow path.

This disclosure provides improved processes for converting aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene/toluene, alkylation, transalkylation, or isomerization. In an embodiment, a process comprises utilizing a passivated reactor to reduce deactivation of a molecular sieve catalyst. Additional measures such as the use of an auxiliary catalyst and/or an elevated reactor pressure may be used to further reduce deactivation of the molecular sieve catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

Disclosed is a hydrothermal synthesis device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry using a hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal synthesis device includes a mixer to mix at least one precursor solution for preparing an inorganic material, injected via at least one supply tube, to prepare an intermediate slurry, a connection tube provided at a side of the mixer, continuously discharging the prepared intermediate slurry to a reactor, and having a hydrophobic coating on an inner surface of a portion thereof adjacent to the reactor, and the reactor performing hydrothermal reaction of the intermediate slurry supplied from the connection tube by receiving a liquid stream heated to supercritical or subcritical conditions using a heat exchanger and connected to the connection tube into which the intermediate slurry prepared from the mixer is introduced and to at least one injection tube into which the heated liquid stream is injected.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor.

In one aspect, a method of producing a sulfur-infused carbonaceous material as a cathode material for use in a Li—S battery is described, including providing a carbonaceous material; mixing elemental sulfur with the carbonaceous material; and heating the mixed sulfur and the carbonaceous material at a temperature from about 445° C. to about 1000° C. for a period of time and under a pressure greater than 1 atm to generate a sulfur vapor to infuse the carbonaceous material to result in a sulfur-infused carbonaceous material. In another aspect, a reactor for producing a sulfur-infused carbonaceous material as a cathode material for use in a Li—S battery is described, including a reactor body capable of withstanding a pressure from about 1 atm to about 150 atm; and an inner sulfur-resistant layer at the inner surface of the reactor, wherein the inner layer is inert to sulfur vapor at a temperature from about 450° C. to about 1000° C.

A structural improvement for microwave-assisted high temperature high-pressure chemistry vessel systems is disclosed that among other advantages offers dynamic venting and resealing while a reaction proceeds and eliminates the risk of cross contamination associated with systems that use a common pressurized chamber. The improvement includes a relatively thin-walled disposable liner cylinder that includes one closed end and one open end defining a mouth, and a liner cap positioned in the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder for closing the rigid liner cylinder. The liner cap includes a depending column that engages the inside diameter of the rigid liner cylinder, and a disk at one end of the depending column having a diameter sufficient to rest upon the rigid liner cylinder without falling into the rigid cylinder liner so that the cylindrical liner cap can rest in the rigid liner cylinder at the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder. The depending column, includes a passage to provide a gas venting space, and a dynamic venting action, between the liner cap and the rigid liner cylinder.

A system for extracting two dimensional materials from a bulk material by functionalization of the bulk material in a reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

This disclosure provides improved processes for converting aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene/toluene, alkylation, transalkylation, or isomerization. In an embodiment, a process comprises utilizing a passivated reactor to reduce deactivation of a molecular sieve catalyst. Additional measures such as the use of an auxiliary catalyst and/or an elevated reactor pressure may be used to further reduce deactivation of the molecular sieve catalyst.