The invention concerns a method (100) for recovering and/or recycling a bituminous product by means of pulsed power, the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated, involving the following steps: —supplying (101) a reactor (11) inside which at least two electrodes (13) extend with the bituminous product and a liquid medium of which at least one liquid component has Hansen solubility parameters δη, δρ and δd such that the bitumen is at least partially soluble in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble, —generating (102) a series of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes (13) in the reactor (11) so as to produce, as a result of the power, the frequency and the switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shock wave and at least ultraviolet radiation, in such a way as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the reconstitution of the bitumen.

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

A reverse-phase suspension polymerization process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerizing the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises, providing in a vessel (1) a volume (2) of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point (3) and at least one monomer feed point (4), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices (5) into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point subjecting the aqueous monomer beads to polymerization conditions to initiate polymerization to form polymerizing beads, wherein the polymerizing beads have formed polymer beads when they reach the polymer bead discharge point, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point and recovering water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerization and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus.

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings.

Sonochemical synthesis methods of particles (e.g., nanoparticles, microparticles, quantum dots) in emulsion reaction mixtures are described herein. The methods allow for control of the bulk temperature of the reaction mixtures to minimize the effects of solvent temperature increases. The sonochemical synthesis methods (e.g., in emulsion reaction mixtures) offer efficient, accelerated, and controllable pathways towards the on-demand synthesis of complex materials.

The present disclosure provides a supercritical fluid gasification system. In some embodiments, the system includes a reactor having a reactor shell including sidewalls that extend between a top reactor cover and a bottom reactor cover, where the sidewalls, the top cover, and the bottom cover enclosing a reactor shell channel. In some embodiments, the reactor includes a thermal shield positioned within the reactor shell channel, the thermal shield having sidewalls that extend between a top thermal shield cover and a bottom thermal shield cover, where the sidewalls, the top thermal shield cover, and the bottom thermal shield cover enclosing a thermal shield channel. In some embodiments, the reactor includes a fluid feed supply conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel, a supercritical fluid conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel, and a product conduit in fluid communication with the thermal shield channel.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

The disclosure relates to a dual catalytic method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a dual catalytic solution comprising a Ni(II) salt catalyst, a photocatalyst, and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiment, the photocatalyst may be [Ru(bpy).sub.3]Cl.sub.2 or an organic phenoxazine. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent.

A composite material preparation system comprises a sealed reaction kettle for containing reactants and base materials; temperature and pressure detecting units for detecting the temperature and pressure inside the reaction kettle; and a heating unit for hydrothermally induced heating, based on the detected temperature and pressure values. The heating unit comprises an induction coil, an induction heating device, and a control mechanism for controlling the generation of an induction frequency of the induction heating device. The reaction kettle is located in the induction coil, both ends of the induction coil are mounted on an outer wall of the induction heating device, and the induction coil and the induction heating device have circulating water introduced inside. The device can prepare a composite material having good interface bonding, by utilizing induced heating under the premise of controllable temperature and pressure, and by utilizing the characteristic that the reactants themselves are heated.