The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a supported metal alloy catalyst for low temperature engine exhaust oxidation without CO or NO inhibition. The catalyst includes bimetallic PdCu alloy deposited on a SiO.sub.2 support using the strong electrostatic adsorption method. The PdCu catalyst may be combined with a traditional PGM-based automotive oxidation catalyst in a series or dual-bed configuration. The first stage of the dual-bed system includes the PdCu catalyst, with the primary role of oxidizing CO at low temperature; the PGM-based catalyst in the second stage then oxidizes NO and hydrocarbons in the absence of any CO-inhibition effects.

Systems and methods are provided for selective oxidation of CO and/or C.sub.3 hydrocarbonaceous compounds in a reaction environment including hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbonaceous components. The selective oxidation can be performed by exposing the CO and/or C.sub.3 hydrocarbonaceous compounds to a catalytic metal that is encapsulated in a small pore zeolite. The small pore zeolite containing the encapsulated metal can have a sufficiently small pore size to reduce or minimize the types of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbonaceous compounds that can interact with the encapsulated metal.

The present invention provides a monatomic metal-doped few-layer molybdenum disulfide electrocatalytic material, a preparing method thereof, and a method for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The material has a few-layer ultra-thin and irregular flake-like microstructure with a length and a width of nanometer scale. A doping metal in the monatomic metal-doped few-layer molybdenum disulfide electrocatalytic material is dispersed in a form of single atoms. When the catalyst is used in electrochemical reduction of N.sub.2, a Faradic efficiency in selective reduction of N.sub.2 into NH.sub.4.sup.+ is 18% or above, and stability of the catalyst is better.

Systems and methods are provided for selective oxidation of CO and/or C.sub.3 hydrocarbonaceous compounds in a reaction environment including hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbonaceous components. The selective oxidation can be performed by exposing the CO and/or C.sub.3 hydrocarbonaceous compounds to a catalytic metal that is encapsulated in a small pore zeolite. The small pore zeolite containing the encapsulated metal can have a sufficiently small pore size to reduce or minimize the types of hydrocarbons or hydrocarbonaceous compounds that can interact with the encapsulated metal.

Systems for reforming a feedstock comprising paraffins and naphthenes. A first reactor containing a first reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of naphthenes in the feedstock to aromatics while facilitating conversion of less than 50 wt. % of paraffins in the feedstock to olefins. A first separator receives and separates the first effluent that is produced in the first reactor to produce a first fraction enriched in aromatics and a second fraction enriched in paraffins. A second reactor containing a second reforming catalyst is operable to maintain a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of at least 50 wt. % of paraffins in the second fraction to olefins. The system is operable to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product suitable for use as a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel.

Porous, extruded titania-based materials further comprising mesopores and macropores and/or prepared using one or more porogens, Fischer-tropsch catalysts comprising them, uses of the foregoing, processes for making and using the same and products obtained from such processes.

Process for reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising paraffins and naphthenes. A hydrocarbon feedstock is separated to produce a first fraction enriched in naphthenes and a second fraction that is enriched in paraffins. The first fraction is contacted with a first reforming catalyst in a first reactor that is maintained at a temperature and pressure that facilitates conversion of naphthenes to aromatics. The second fraction is contacted with a second reforming catalyst in a second reactor at a temperature and pressure that converts at least 50 wt. % of paraffins in the second fraction to olefins. The process produces a liquid hydrocarbon reformate product suitable for use as a blend component of a liquid transportation fuel.

Processes for reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock by selectively reforming different sub-components or fractions of the feedstock using at least two compositionally-distinct reforming catalysts. Advantages may include a decreased rate of reforming catalyst deactivation and an increased yield of a liquid hydrocarbon reformate product that is characterized by at least one of an increased octane rating and a decreased vapor pressure (relative to conventional one-step reforming processes and systems).

Systems for reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock, where the system is operable to selectively reform different sub-components of the hydrocarbon feedstock using at least two structurally-distinct reforming catalysts. Advantages may include a decreased rate of reforming catalyst deactivation and an increased yield of a liquid hydrocarbon reformate product that is characterized by at least one of an increased octane rating and a decreased vapor pressure compared to the liquid hydrocarbon reformate product of conventional one-step reforming systems.

The present invention provides a monatomic metal-doped few-layer molybdenum disulfide electrocatalytic material, a preparing method thereof, and a method for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The material has a few-layer ultra-thin and irregular flake-like microstructure with a length and a width of nanometer scale. A doping metal in the monatomic metal-doped few-layer molybdenum disulfide electrocatalytic material is dispersed in a form of single atoms. When the catalyst is used in electrochemical reduction of N.sub.2, a Faradic efficiency in selective reduction of N.sub.2 into NH.sub.4.sup.+ is 18% or above, and stability of the catalyst is better.