Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Methods for oxidative coupling of methane using metal oxide catalysts and a sulfur oxidant.

Methods for oxidative coupling of methane using metal oxide catalysts and a sulfur oxidant.

A photocatalyst powder is provided. The photocatalyst powder includes a plurality of nano crystallite aggregates formed by a plurality of nano crystallites. Each of the nano crystallites exhibits a single crystal structure. The nano crystallites have different compositions, different crystal phases, and different lattice constants from each other. An example of the nano crystallites is represented as the formula of ZnO.sub.1-xS.sub.x with different x values in each of the nano crystallites. In addition, a hydrogen producing system is also provided.

A bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is provided. The bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is represented by the following formula:
Cu.sub.xM.sup.(2).sub.yO.sub.zS.sub.γ wherein M.sup.(2) includes monovalent Silver (Ag), divalent Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Tin (Sn.sup.II), trivalent Indium (In), Cerium (Ce), Antimony (Sb), and Gallium (Ga), tetravalent Tin (Sn.sup.IV), or pentavalent Molybdenum (Mo), 0<y<0.3, 0.7<x<1.0, 0<z<0.5, and 0.5<γ<1.0. In addition, a manufacturing method of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst and applications of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst are also provided.

A bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is provided. The bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is represented by the following formula:
Cu.sub.xM.sup.(2).sub.yO.sub.zS.sub.γ wherein M.sup.(2) includes monovalent Silver (Ag), divalent Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Tin (Sn.sup.II), trivalent Indium (In), Cerium (Ce), Antimony (Sb), and Gallium (Ga), tetravalent Tin (Sn.sup.IV), or pentavalent Molybdenum (Mo), 0<y<0.3, 0.7<x<1.0, 0<z<0.5, and 0.5<γ<1.0. In addition, a manufacturing method of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst and applications of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst are also provided.

The invention describes a process for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide carried out in the liquid phase and/or in the gas phase under irradiation employing a photocatalyst of microporous crystalline metal sulfide type, said process being carried out by bringing a charge containing the CO.sub.2 and at least one sacrificial compound into contact with said photocatalyst, then by irradiating the photocatalyst by at least one irradiation source producing at least one wavelength lower than the bandgap width of said photocatalyst, so as to reduce the CO.sub.2 and to oxidize the sacrificial compound, so as to produce an effluent containing, at least in part, C.sub.1 or more carbon-based molecules other than CO.sub.2.

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.