The present invention relates to methods and catalysts for producing methylbenzyl alcohol from ethanol by catalytic conversion, and belongs to the field of chemical engineering and technology. The present invention develops a route of producing methylbenzyl alcohol starting from green and sustainable ethanol and provide corresponding catalysts used for the catalytic conversion route. This innovative reaction route has several advantages, such as, simple process, eco-friendly property, and easy separation of products, as compared with a traditional petroleum-based route. This present route has a reaction temperature of 150-450° C. and total selectivity of 72% for methylbenzyl alcohol, and has good industrial application prospect. The innovation of this patent comprises the catalysts synthesis and the reaction route.

Catalyst containing an active phase which contains a group VIB element, at least one group VIII element and phosphorus, and a support containing alumina, the catalyst being characterized in that at least 80% by weight of the group VIB elements, of the group VIII elements and of the phosphorus are distributed in the form of a crust at the periphery of said support, the thickness of said crust being between 100 and 1200 μm, the content of group VIB element being between 1% and 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, the content of group VIII element being between 0.5% and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and the content of phosphorus being between 0.2% and 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and the support having a specific surface area of between 100 m.sup.2/g and 250 m.sup.2/g.

Embodiments include hydrogenating catalysts and methods of making the same. The catalyst includes nanoparticles of a metal phosphide, such as nickel phosphide with a Ni.sub.5P.sub.4 phase. Also included are methods of hydrogenating a gas that contains sulfur. The methods include directing the gas containing sulfur to a catalyst that includes nanoparticles of a metal phosphide, and contacting the catalyst with the gas containing sulfur to produce a hydrogenated gas.

There is provided a method of preparing a photoelectrochemical and electrochemical electrode catalyst, the method including preparing a metal oxide-based electrode, introducing a phosphate layer on a surface of the metal oxide-based electrode; and converting the phosphate layer into an oxyhydroxide layer by performing electrochemical activation on the phosphate layer.

The efficiency of selective oxidation reaction of ammonia in wastewater may be improved.

A catalyst has a carrier and a hydrogenation active metal component supported on the carrier. The hydrogenation active metal component contains at least one Group VIB metal component and at least one Group VIII metal component, and the carrier is composed of phosphorus-containing alumina. When the hydrogenation catalyst is measured using a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction method (H.sub.2-TPR), the ratio of the peak height of the low-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.low-temp peak, at a temperature of 300-500° C. to the peak height of the high-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.hi-temp peak, at a temperature of 650-850° C., i.e. S=P.sub.low-temp peak/P.sub.hi-temp peak, is 0.5-2.0; preferably 0.7-1.9, and more preferably 0.8-1.8. The hydrogenation catalyst shows excellent heteroatom removal effect and excellent stability when used in hydrotreatment.

A highly active hydroprocessing catalyst that comprises a doped support impregnated with at lease one hydrogenation metal component and filled with an organic additive blend. The catalyst is made by providing a doped support particle followed by impregnating the doped support particle with a metal impregnation solution to provide a metal-impregnated doped support particle. The metal-impregnated doped support particle is dried but not calcined and impregnated with an organic additive blend component.

A method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery with a capacitance greater than 1 mA h, including the deposition of at least one dense layer, which can be an anode and/or a cathode and/or an electrolyte, by a method of depositing a dense layer. The method includes: supplying a substrate and a suspension of non-agglomerated nanoparticles of a material P; depositing a layer on the substrate using the suspension; drying the layer thus obtained; densifying the dried layer by mechanical compression and/or heat treatment. The method of depositing being characterised in that the suspension of non-agglomerated nanoparticles of material P includes nanoparticles of material P having a size distribution, said size being characterised by the value of D50 thereof, such that: the distribution includes nanoparticles of material P of a first size D1 between 20 nm and 50 nm, and nanoparticles of material P of a second size D2 characterised by a value D50 at least five times less than that of D1, or the distribution has a mean size of nanoparticles of material P less than 50 nm, and a standard deviation to mean size ratio greater than 0.6.

A method for preparing a metal complex catalyst by (A) obtaining a precipitate by bringing a metal precursor solution comprising a zinc (Zn) precursor, a ferrite (Fe) precursor, and water into contact with a basic aqueous solution; (B) obtaining a zinc ferrite catalyst by filtering and calcining the precipitate; and (C) supporting an acid onto the zinc ferrite catalyst, and a metal complex catalyst prepared thereby.

A process has been developed for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst precursor and a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst made from the precursor. The process includes preparing a catalyst precursor by contacting a boehmite material with a stabilizer containing vanadium-phosphorus. The boehmite material includes two or more different crystalline boehmites having the same average crystallite size to the nearest whole nanometer and having differing properties selected from surface area, pore volume, density and combinations thereof. The boehmite material is subjected to at least one heat treatment at a temperature of at least 500° C., either before or after the contacting step to obtain a stabilized catalyst support having a pore volume of at least 0.3 cc/g. A catalytic metal or a compound containing cobalt is applied to the stabilized catalyst support to form the catalyst precursor. Finally, the catalyst precursor is reduced to activate the catalyst precursor to obtain the Fischer Tropsch catalyst. The catalyst has enhanced hydrothermal stability as measured by losing no more than 6% of its pore volume when exposed to water vapor.

An electrode assembly includes a first electrode and a dielectric layer on the first electrode. The dielectric layer includes a bismuth compound of the formula Bi.sub.2(CrO.sub.4).sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.7, Pb.sub.4(BiO.sub.4)(PO.sub.4), Ag.sub.3BiO.sub.3, Bi.sub.2CdO.sub.2(GeO.sub.4), Bi.sub.2Te.sub.4O.sub.11, Cs.sub.6Bi.sub.4O.sub.9, Na.sub.3Bi(PO.sub.4).sub.2, Bi.sub.2(SeO.sub.3).sub.3, or a combination thereof. The electrode assembly can be particularly useful in various electronic devices.