A nitrogen oxide storage material comprising: Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y, wherein y is a number satisfying 0≤y≤0.2, a noble metal, an oxide of a metal other than the noble metal, and a barium compound, the noble metal, the oxide, and the barium compound being loaded on Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y. The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide selected from zirconium oxide, praseodymium oxide, niobium oxide, and iron oxide.

Systems and methods of gas-liquid contactors for direct ocean capture and/or direct air capture are described.

Systems and methods of gas-liquid contactors for direct ocean capture and/or direct air capture are described.

Disclosed are a method for creating a surgical training model, a surgical training model apparatus, a bone model, an article that emulates tissue of an animal musculoskeletal system, an article that emulates animal fat tissue, and an article that emulates animal skin tissue. One version of the method comprises placing a spinal vertebrae model in a cavity model that emulates an animal body cavity; forming a first layer on top of the vertebrae model, wherein the first layer emulates an animal muscle tissue; placing a second layer over the first layer, wherein the second layer emulates an animal fat tissue; and placing a third layer over the second layer, wherein the third layer emulates an animal skin tissue. The spinal vertebrae model can be 3D printed from a thermoplastic polymer and infiltrated with a foam into an interior space of the 3D printed spinal vertebrae model.

Disclosed are a method for creating a surgical training model, a surgical training model apparatus, a bone model, an article that emulates tissue of an animal musculoskeletal system, an article that emulates animal fat tissue, and an article that emulates animal skin tissue. One version of the method comprises placing a spinal vertebrae model in a cavity model that emulates an animal body cavity; forming a first layer on top of the vertebrae model, wherein the first layer emulates an animal muscle tissue; placing a second layer over the first layer, wherein the second layer emulates an animal fat tissue; and placing a third layer over the second layer, wherein the third layer emulates an animal skin tissue. The spinal vertebrae model can be 3D printed from a thermoplastic polymer and infiltrated with a foam into an interior space of the 3D printed spinal vertebrae model.

What is provided is a production method in which a vinyl acetate is reacted with a primary or secondary alcohol represented by Formula (1) and carbon monoxide to produce a first ester compound represented by Formula (2), and the first ester compound is reacted with an alcohol to produce a lactic acid ester represented by Formula (3) and an acetic acid ester represented by Formula (4).

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What is provided is a production method in which a vinyl acetate is reacted with a primary or secondary alcohol represented by Formula (1) and carbon monoxide to produce a first ester compound represented by Formula (2), and the first ester compound is reacted with an alcohol to produce a lactic acid ester represented by Formula (3) and an acetic acid ester represented by Formula (4).

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The present invention discloses a catalyst for in-situ CO2 capture and coupling reduction with biomass oxidation, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The catalyst is applied to the coupling reaction of photocatalytic CO2 reduction and biomass oxidation. The preparation of the catalyst is to synthesize layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing CO32− between layers by using coprecipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method and the like, wherein the chemical formula is [M1-x2+Mx3+(OH)2]x+(An−)x/n.Math.mH2O, which has a thickness of 20-30 nm and an average particle diameter of 60-90 nm. Then metal ion vacancy defects are produced on LDHs laminate by using a NaOH/KOH selective etching to obtain the corresponding catalyst. The catalyst is used in photocatalytic reaction, characterized in that CO32− is continuously consumed in the reaction process, and the catalyst can absorb CO2 in the air for recovery after the reaction, and can be repeatedly used to continuously consume CO2 in the air, thus realizing the direct capture and effective utilization of CO2.

The present invention discloses a catalyst for in-situ CO2 capture and coupling reduction with biomass oxidation, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The catalyst is applied to the coupling reaction of photocatalytic CO2 reduction and biomass oxidation. The preparation of the catalyst is to synthesize layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing CO32− between layers by using coprecipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method and the like, wherein the chemical formula is [M1-x2+Mx3+(OH)2]x+(An−)x/n.Math.mH2O, which has a thickness of 20-30 nm and an average particle diameter of 60-90 nm. Then metal ion vacancy defects are produced on LDHs laminate by using a NaOH/KOH selective etching to obtain the corresponding catalyst. The catalyst is used in photocatalytic reaction, characterized in that CO32− is continuously consumed in the reaction process, and the catalyst can absorb CO2 in the air for recovery after the reaction, and can be repeatedly used to continuously consume CO2 in the air, thus realizing the direct capture and effective utilization of CO2.

A noble metal-free lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material. The noble metal-free lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material may include a two phase mixture of a lanthanum transition metal perovskite with an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, a lanthanum transition metal perovskite doped with an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof. The lanthanum transition metal perovskite catalyst material provides direct decomposition of NOx into N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 without the presence of a noble metal and in the presence of excess O.sub.2.