This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalysts, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and in industrial applications such as oil and gas, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Provided are a 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligand and intermediates thereof, and preparation methods and uses of the same. The monophosphine ligand is a compound represented by formula I or formula I′, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof, including phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phosphonic amide. The monophosphine ligand is prepared with a known 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-7,7′-diol derivative as a raw material through a scheme in which the compound presented by formula II acts as an intermediate. The present disclosure provides a novel monophosphine ligand, which can be used as a ligand in a metal-catalysed organic reactions or in directly catalyzing an organic reaction, especially as a chiral monophosphine ligand widely used in many chiral catalytic reactions such as asymmetric addition, asymmetric hydrogenation, asymmetric coupling, and asymmetric allyl alkylation, having economic practicality and industrial application prospects. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a spiro-bisphosphorous compound, and a preparation and application thereof. The spiro-bisphosphorous compound is expressed in formula (I), (II) or (III).

##STR00001##

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalysts, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and in industrial applications such as oil and gas, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Provided are a 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligand and intermediates thereof, and preparation methods and uses of the same. The monophosphine ligand is a compound represented by formula I or formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof, including phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phosphonic amide. The monophosphine ligand is prepared with a known 3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobiindane-7,7-diol derivative as a raw material through a scheme in which the compound presented by formula II acts as an intermediate. The present disclosure provides a novel monophosphine ligand, which can be used as a ligand in a metal-catalysed organic reactions or in directly catalyzing an organic reaction, especially as a chiral monophosphine ligand widely used in many chiral catalytic reactions such as asymmetric addition, asymmetric hydrogenation, asymmetric coupling, and asymmetric allyl alkylation, having economic practicality and industrial application prospects.

##STR00001##

This invention is based on the discovery that homogeneous catalysts, [Rh(C.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.2Cl].sub.2 and/or [Rh(COD).sub.2][BF.sub.4], can be used to produce spinetoram in higher yields at lower catalyst loadings as compared to previous methodologies. In addition, one or more phosphorus ligand donors can also be added to further increase yields/efficiency. The methods and/or systems provided herein enable cost-effective ways to produce spinetoram in large quantity with relatively simple procedures.

The present invention relates to a method for the regioselective hydroformylation of polyunsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons, which are 1, 3 butadienes, which, in the 2 position, bear a saturated or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical. The present invention also relates to the production of secondary products of these hydroformylation products, especially of ambrox.

The present invention relates to a method for the regioselective hydroformylation of polyunsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons, which are 1, 3 butadienes, which, in the 2 position, bear a saturated or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical. The present invention also relates to the production of secondary products of these hydroformylation products, especially of ambrox.

Disclosed herein are methods for recovering phosphorus-containing ligand from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are treatments to enhance extractability of the phosphorus-containing ligand.

This invention is based on the discovery that homogeneous catalysts, [Rh(C.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.2Cl].sub.2 and/or [Rh(COD).sub.2][BF.sub.4], can be used to produce spinetoram in higher yields at lower catalyst loadings as compared to previous methodologies. In addition, one or more phosphorus ligand donors can also be added to further increase yields/efficiency. The methods and/or systems provided herein enable cost-effective ways to produce spinetoram in large quantity with relatively simple procedures.