A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for the production of linear alpha olefins includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution comprising a modifier and an organoaluminum compound in a first solvent wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is reacted and stored in a first vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution comprising a second solvent, a ligand, and a chromium containing compound, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; and after a period of time, adding the first pre-catalyst solution to a catalyst pre-formation unit; after the same period of time, adding the second pre-catalyst solution to the catalyst pre-formation unit; forming a homogenous catalyst by mixing the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution; adding the homogeneous catalyst to a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel comprises an alpha olefin; and forming the linear alpha olefin by mixing the homogeneous catalyst and the homogenous catalyst.

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure (A) R.sub.1R.sub.2P—N(R.sub.3)—P(R.sub.4)—NR.sub.5R.sub.6 or (B) R.sub.1R.sub.2P—N(R.sub.3)—P(XR.sub.7)R.sub.8 or R.sub.1R.sub.2P—N(R.sub.3)—P(XR.sub.7).sub.2, with X═O or S,
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10-cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, or trialkylsilyl, or any cyclic derivatives of (A) and (B), wherein at least one of the P or N atoms of the PNPN-unit or PNP-unit is a member of the ring system, the ring system being formed from one or more constituent compounds of structures (A) or (B) by substitution; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for tri- and/or tetramerization.

A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for the production of linear alpha olefins includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution comprising a modifier and an organoaluminum compound in a first solvent wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is reacted and stored in a first vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution comprising a second solvent, a ligand, and a chromium containing compound, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; and after a period of time, adding the first pre-catalyst solution to a catalyst pre-formation unit; after the same period of time, adding the second pre-catalyst solution to the catalyst pre-formation unit; forming a homogenous catalyst by mixing the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution; adding the homogeneous catalyst to a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel comprises an alpha olefin; and forming the linear alpha olefin by mixing the homogeneous catalyst and the homogenous catalyst.

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(XR.sub.7).sub.2, wherein X is O or S, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or trialkylsilyl, or any cyclic derivatives of the ligand, wherein at least one of the P or N atoms of the PNP-unit is a member of the ring system, the ring system being formed from one or more constituent compounds of the ligand by substitution, and R.sub.7 is C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10-cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or trialkylsilyl; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst.

Diphosphites with a dicyclohexylphosphino radical and use thereof in hydroformylation.

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure
R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(R.sub.4)NR.sub.5R.sub.6 or(A)
R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(XR.sub.7)R.sub.8 or R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(XR.sub.7).sub.2, with X?O or S,(B)
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10-cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, or trialkylsilyl, or any cyclic derivatives of (A) and (B), wherein at least one of the P or N atoms of the PNPN-unit or PNP-unit is a member of the ring system, the ring system being formed from one or more constituent compounds of structures (A) or (B) by substitution; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for tri- and/or tetramerization.

The preparation of high-quality oxo process alcohols from inconstant raw material sources is the technically demanding problem which is addressed by a process for continuously preparing an alcohol mixture, in which an input mixture which contains an olefin and has a composition that changes over time is subjected to an oligomerization to obtain an oligomerizate and at least a portion of the olefin oligomers present in the oligomerizate are hydroformylated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a hydroformylation in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system to give aldehydes, at least some of which are converted to the alcohol mixture by subsequent hydrogenation. The process provides a constant plasticizer quality to be produced over a long production period and, optionally, a higher throughput with the same product quality. This is achieved a) by control of the temperature and/or the conversion of the oligomerization as a function of the current composition of the oligomerizate; and b) by control of the composition of the catalyst system and/or of the pressure of the hydroformylation as a function of the current composition of the aldehydes.

The present invention relates to a method for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising the steps: a) feeding ethylene, solvent and a catalyst composition comprising catalyst and cocatalyst into a reactor, b) oligomerizing ethylene in the reactor, c) discharging a reactor effluent comprising linear alpha-olefins including 1-butene, solvent, unconsumed ethylene dissolved in the reactor effluent, and catalyst composition from the reactor, d) separating ethylene and 1-butene collectively from the remaining reactor effluent, and e) recycling at least a part of the ethylene and the 1-butene separated in step d) into the reactor.

A pre-formation unit, includes: a first vessel comprising a solution of co-catalyst and modifier; a second vessel comprising chromium compound and ligand; wherein the first and second vessel are connected via lines to a mixing unit, wherein each line has a flow control valve; wherein the mixing unit is connected via a line having a flow control valve to an oligomerization reactor; wherein gas inlets are each connected to the first vessel and to the second vessel, and wherein a portion of each of the first vessel, the second vessel, the mixing unit, and the flow control valves are within a temperature controlled enclosure.

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure

R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(R.sub.4)NR.sub.5R.sub.6 or(A)

R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(XR.sub.7)R.sub.8 or R.sub.1R.sub.2PN(R.sub.3)P(XR.sub.7).sub.2, with X=O or S,(B)

wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10-cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, or trialkylsilyl, or any cyclic derivatives of (A) and (B), wherein at least one of the P or N atoms of the PNPN-unit or PNP-unit is a member of the ring system, the ring system being formed from one or more constituent compounds of structures (A) or (B) by substitution; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for tri- and/or tetramerization.