A continuous acoustic chemical microreactor system is disclosed. The system includes a continuous process vessel (CPV) and an acoustic agitator coupled to the CPV and configured to agitate the CPV along an oscillation axis. The CPV includes a reactant inlet configured to receive one or more reactants into the CPV, an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, and a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube and configured to discharge a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the CPV. The acoustic agitator is configured to agitate the CPV along the oscillation axis such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis.

A continuous acoustic chemical microreactor system is disclosed. The system includes a continuous process vessel (CPV) and an acoustic agitator coupled to the CPV and configured to agitate the CPV along an oscillation axis. The CPV includes a reactant inlet configured to receive one or more reactants into the CPV, an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, and a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube and configured to discharge a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the CPV. The acoustic agitator is configured to agitate the CPV along the oscillation axis such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis.

There is provided a system for energy storage comprising: a fluidized bed apparatus with an energy storage material, wherein the energy storage material is provided in volumes coated with an outer layer of solid particles of a different material, wherein the volumes have a largest size in the interval 1-1000 μm and wherein the solid particles (5) have a largest size in the interval 1-500 nm. Advantages of the system include that structural changes in the energy storage material over time are minimized so that the energy storage material can be used over many cycles without any noticeable impairment. The heat transfer to and from the energy storage material is improved. The system can further be used for CO.sub.2 capture.

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor.

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor.

A liquid-phase reactor has an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder disposed along an axial direction of the reactor. The outer cylinder has a top head, a straight cylinder section and a bottom head. An annular space is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. A top end of the inner cylinder is open and is in communication with the annular space. The inner cylinder has an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder sequentially from top to bottom. The upper cylinder is positioned in the straight cylinder section, with its cross-sectional area being gradually reduced from top to bottom. The lower cylinder is positioned in the bottom head, with its cross-sectional area being gradually increased from top to bottom. An inorganic membrane tube extending along the axial direction of the reactor is provided in the lower cylinder so that a shell-and-tube structure is formed.

Described herein are thermal condensation reactors and processes of using the same. A presently described thermal condensation reactor includes a heat transfer chamber, wherein the heat transfer chamber is a fluidized bed having a fluidization gas flow in a first direction, and wherein the heat transfer chamber has a plurality of heating zones that may be maintained at different temperatures, and a plurality of reaction tubes disposed in the heat transfer chamber in a second direction perpendicular to the fluidization gas flow, each reaction tube having a reactant gas flow that passes through the plurality of heating zones.

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams.

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams.

A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.