An ultrasonic unit manufacturing system and process are based on a universal ultrasonic generator unit that operates interchangeably with either one of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic devices, and optionally as well as with either on-off or power level control footswitches. The ultrasonic units use a generator unit having a detector that determines whether the connected device is piezoelectric or magnetostrictive, and activates the generator for the appropriate piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating mode. The ultrasonic units so made and methods of using them are also disclosed.

An ultrasonic unit manufacturing system and process are based on a universal ultrasonic generator unit that operates interchangeably with either one of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic devices, and optionally as well as with either on-off or power level control footswitches. The ultrasonic units use a generator unit having a detector that determines whether the connected device is piezoelectric or magnetostrictive, and activates the generator for the appropriate piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating mode. The ultrasonic units so made and methods of using them are also disclosed.

A flexural ultrasonic transducer is disclosed. The ultrasonic transducer comprises a sealed case which includes a flexible membrane and which defines a sealed cavity. The sealed case has an inside and an outside. The ultrasonic transducer comprises an active element, for example, a piezoelectric element, inside the sealed case supported on the flexible membrane. The ultrasonic transducer includes a liquid in the cavity. The sealed case includes a resilient portion between the inside and outside of the case for allowing equalization of pressure between the inside and the outside of the case. The resilient portion may comprise resilient walls or a thin-wall section, the flexible membrane or the case.

A process for the ultrasonic treatment of mined sand proppant for hydraulic fracture treatment, the process comprising the steps of pumping sand particles in an aqueous fluid to an ultrasonic device operating at a suitable frequency and a suitable power range. The sand particles remain at a proximity to the ultrasonic device for a first predetermined period of time to remove contaminants from the sand particles.

An ultrasonic unit manufacturing system and process are based on a universal ultrasonic generator unit that operates interchangeably with either one of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic devices, and optionally as well as with either on-off or power level control footswitches. The ultrasonic units use a generator unit having a detector that determines whether the connected device is piezoelectric or magnetostrictive, and activates the generator for the appropriate piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating mode. The ultrasonic units so made and methods of using them are also disclosed.