Provided is a method of, in ladle refining treatment of a molten steel, accurately estimating the molten steel temperature after the ladle refining treatment. An operation method of ladle refining treatment by which ladle refining treatment of a molten steel is performed while continuously measuring a molten steel temperature during operation of the ladle refining treatment of the molten steel comprises setting a time earlier than a scheduled ending time of the ladle refining treatment in a continuous measurement period of the molten steel temperature as a determination timing, and estimating the molten steel temperature at the scheduled ending time on the basis of a change with time of the molten steel temperature in continuous measured data of the molten steel temperature from a start of continuous measurement of the molten steel temperature to the determination timing.

The disclosure includes a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method for measuring the temperature of molten metals. The temperature measuring device includes a temperature sensing element, a support tube, a connecting tube and an exhaust structure. The temperature sensing element is a cermet tube with a closed end and an open end, and can sense the temperature of a molten metal and emit stable thermal radiation energy based on the blackbody cavity principle when being extended into the molten metal. The open end of the cermet tube is fixedly connected to one end of the support tube, the cermet tube is communicated with the support tube, and the other end of the support tube is fixedly connected with the connecting tube. The exhaust structure is used to discharge the smoke inside the cermet tube and the support tube.

This method for balancing a flow of liquid steel into a casting mold, in which the steel is introduced into the casting mold from a tundish through a protective nozzle which opens below the steel level into the casting mold, comprises the following steps: a) acquiring a set of characteristics of the flow in the casting mold, b) comparing the flow characteristics acquired in the previous step with a predefined model and determining the adjustment actions to take in order to balance the flow, and c) adjusting the flow.

The furnace system for controlling of individual temperature through selectively radiating of electromagnetic waves according to the present invention comprises: a heating body unit for heating a melt to a predetermined temperature; a heating sensing unit for selectively measuring the internal temperature of the heating body unit to calculate predetermined temperature information; a heating cover unit that selectively covers the heating body unit to prevent a predetermined heat from being diffused to the outside so that the melt maintains a predetermined temperature; and a radiating unit receiving the predetermined temperature information from the heating sensing unit and selectively irradiating a predetermined electromagnetic wave so that the melt becomes the predetermined temperature.

A continuously casting method including arranging temperature measuring elements according to specified conditions, selecting as evaluation targets for temperatures of copper plates on a wide face of mold values measured by the temperature measuring elements arranged closer to a center in a width direction of a cast slab than short sides of the cast slab under continuous casting at levels of 50 mm or more lower in a slab withdrawal direction than a meniscus of a molten steel in a mold, and adjusting a casting condition such that a standard deviation of the values measured over the width direction of the copper plates on the wide face of mold at a same level in the slab withdrawal direction is 20° C. or lower.

A container for molten metal is provided with a temperature measuring device arranged in an opening of a container wall. The temperature measuring device has a protective sheath, which projects into the container and which is closed at its end arranged in the container. A temperature measuring element is arranged in an opening of the protective sheath. The protective sheath is composed of a mixture of a heat-resistant metal oxide and graphite, and the closed end is spaced at least 50 mm from the container wall.

A method for monitoring a torpedo car in which a position detector PE is used to determine a position deviation between a target position and an actual position of a filling opening E of the torpedo car disposed in a filling station BS for filling it with pig iron and provided with an RFID transponder containing an object data set for identification, the filling opening E is positioned in the target position in the event of a position deviation, the filling level FM in the torpedo car disposed in the target position is measured by means of a filling level meter FM, the temperature of the pig iron filled into the filling opening is measured by means of a temperature meter TM, and data characterizing the position deviation, the filling level and the temperature is added to the object data set of the torpedo car by means of a data processor DV.

A method, device and apparatus are provided for measuring the temperature of a melt, particularly of a molten metal, with an optical fiber, fed into the melt through a disposable guiding tube. The optical fiber and an immersion end of the tube are immersed into the melt and have feeding speeds which are independent from each other. An elastic plug is arranged within the tube or at an end of the tube opposite the immersion end. The optical fiber is fed through the elastic plug, and the elastic plug reduces a gap between the optical fiber and the tube, which has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the optical fiber. The apparatus includes a fiber coil and a feeding mechanism for feeding the optical fiber and the tube, including at least two independent feeding motors, one for feeding the optical fiber and one for feeding the tube.

The invention relates to a method of casting a metal alloy ingot. The method includes providing an on one side open-ended mould having a mould cavity, positioning the open-ended mould such that the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards, providing a casting container with an upwardly positioned aperture, and filling said casting container with molten metal for one casting operation. The method also includes locating the casting container below the mould while the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards, and rotating the mould together with the casting container to a position whereby the mould opening points upwards such that the molten metal is conveyed into the open-ended mould until a desired thickness. Molten metal in the open-ended mould is cooled directionally through its thickness where the solidification front remains substantially monoaxial.

A device for measuring a temperature of a molten metal bath, comprising: an optical cored wire; a tube, wherein the optical cored wire is at least partly arranged in the tube, wherein the tube has an outer diameter in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm, and a wall-thickness in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm; and a plurality of separating elements comprising more than two separating elements arranged in the tube spaced apart from each other, and forming at least one compartment between two of the more than two separating elements.

The invention also relates to a system and method for measuring a temperature of a molten metal bath.