An additive manufacturing device manufactures an additively manufactured article by preheating a powder material by irradiating the powder material with a charged particle beam and then melting the powder material by irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam. The additive manufacturing device includes a beam emitting unit emitting the charged particle beam and irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam, and a position detection unit detecting a position of scattering of the powder material when the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam. When the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam, the beam emitting unit emits the charged particle beam such that a thermal dose of the preheating is increased at the position of scattering.

A composite member is manufactured by a manufacturing method including adding, on a surface of a base member composed of a first material, a second material different from the first material, using additive manufacturing employing directed energy deposition as an additive manufacturing process. The manufacturing method is performed by placing the base member in a machining area of a machine tool configured to perform subtractive machining. Accordingly, a composite member can be obtained that is manufactured through additive manufacturing and that is in a state in which the composite member can be promptly machined.

A method of electron beam welding comprising splitting the output of an electron beam welder into two components, a pre/post heat ring and a fusion spot, applying the two outputs to a workpiece that is to be welded, traversing the two outputs along the desired weld path, and wherein the fusion spot lies within the pre/post heat ring and travels in tandem with and inside the pre/post heat ring. The pre/post heat ring may be annular. The fusion spot may be located at the centre of the pre/post heat ring. The output of the electron beam welder may comprise 1 to 100,000 discrete points. The beams may be deflected using the EB welder deflector coils. The time the electron beam spends on each discrete point may be identical.

An additive manufacturing apparatus utilizing combined electron beam selective melting and electron beam cutting. One electron beam emitting, focusing, and scanning device (6) is capable of emitting electron beams (67, 68) in three modes of heating, selective melting, and electron beam cutting. The electron beam in the heating mode is emitted to scan and preheat a powder bed (7). The electron beam (67) in the selective melting mode is emitted to scan and melt powder (71) in a section outline to form a section layer of a component. The electron beam (68) in the electron beam cutting mode is emitted to perform one or more cutting scans on inner and outer outlines (74, 75) of a section of the component to obtain accurate and smooth inner and outer outlines of the section. The heating, melting deposition, and outline cutting processes are repeated to obtain a required three-dimensional physical component.

A welding method for an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes constructing a cup section having track grooves, which engage with torque transmitting elements, formed along an inner periphery thereof and a shaft section that is formed on a bottom portion of the cup section by two or more separate members, joining a cup member forming the cup section and a shaft member forming the shaft section, and melt-welding end portions of the cup member and the shaft member. The cup member and the shaft member are shaped so that a sealed hollow cavity portion is formed when the end portions of the cup member and the shaft member are brought into abutment against each other, the melt-welding of the end portions being performed when the sealed hollow cavity portion is under atmospheric pressure or lower.

Provided are a systems and methods for manufacturing objects by solid freeform fabrication, especially titanium and titanium alloy objects, wherein the deposition rate is increased by using two separate heat sources, one heat source for heating the deposition area on the base material and one heat source for heating and melting a metallic material, such as a metal wire or a powdered metallic material.

A method of manufacturing a welded structure of a ferritic heat-resistant steel is provided that prevents Type IV damage and that has good on-site operability without adding a high B concentration. The method includes: the step of preparing a base material including 8.0 to 12.0% Cr, less than 0.005% B and other elements; the step of forming an edge on the base material; a pre-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between a surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a pre-weld heat treatment depth of 30 to 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 1050 to 1200° C. and is held at this temperature for 2 to 30 minutes; a welding step in which the edge is welded to form the weld metal; and a post-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between the surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a distance not smaller than the pre-weld heat treatment depth and not greater than 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 720 to 780° C. and is held at this temperature for a time period not shorter than 30 minutes and satisfying the following formula, (1):
(Log(t)+12).Math.(T+273)<13810  (1).

Provided are a systems and methods for manufacturing objects by solid freeform fabrication, especially titanium and titanium alloy objects, wherein the deposition rate is increased by using two separate heat sources, one heat source for heating the deposition area on the base material and one heat source for heating and melting a metallic material, such as a metal wire or a powdered metallic material.

The present invention relates to a heating method for preparing a powder bed for subsequent processing by irradiating the powder bed with an electron beam from an electron source. The electron source may be designed for fast moving of the electron beam to different heating positions at the powder bed comprising the step, local heating of at least two powder bed heating positions by successive resting of said electron beam at the at least two powder bed heating positions. By jumping between local preheating positions at the powder bed before the powder is fused, charged powder can be prevented from levitation and scattering from the powder bed.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for fabricating diffractive structures on gemstones for high optical performance are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a plurality of gemstone characteristics of a gemstone, determining that the gemstone exhibits each of the plurality of gemstone characteristics within a respective predetermined range, identifying a diffractive structure setting associated with a combination of the respective predetermined ranges for the plurality of gemstone characteristics, and fabricating diffractive structures on the gemstone according to the diffractive structure setting.