An approach to seeker windows for aircraft comprises a window layer comprising an IR transparent material, the window layer comprising a first side and a second side substantially opposite the first side; and a heating layer on the first side or the second side of the window layer, the heating layer configured to apply a heating profile to the window layer to reduce thermal shock imparted to the window layer when the seeker window is exposed to hypersonic flight conditions.

Provided is anisotropic graphite for producing an anisotropic graphite composite having excellent thermal conduction property and excellent long-term reliability as a heat dissipating member. Given an X axis, a Y axis orthogonal to the X axis, and a Z axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the X axis and the Y axis, and a crystal orientation plane of the anisotropic graphite is parallel to an X-Z plane, and a specific number of holes each having a specific size are formed in at least one surface out of surfaces of the anisotropic graphite which are parallel to an X-Y plane.

A sheathing material includes a layer of ceramic paper to help prevent the burning of the sheathing during a fire. The material may include insulation disposed between the ceramic paper and the substrate to further reduce damage to the substrate, and may include a thin layer of wood or paper placed over the ceramic paper to protect the ceramic paper and to allow the sheathing to be used in a manner similar to that of a conventional sheathing material.

The present invention relates to a phosphazene compound containing an ester group having a structure of formula (I). The present invention grafts ester groups to phosphazene compounds and makes terminal grafted hydroxyl and carboxyl groups reacted with polymer matrix, producing an improvement of flame retardancy and a reduction of dielectric constant at the same time when the phosphazene compound is introduced into polymer matrix. Since N and P atoms are directly bonded into the polymer matrix by a reaction rather than addition and combination means in the prior art, there is no reduced mechanical properties of the matrix due to the addition of flame retardants.

A tubular structure including an outer tube an inner tube arranged within the outer tube and at least one chamber formed between the outer tube and the inner tube. The tubular structure additionally includes at least one self-healing material arranged in the chamber, wherein the self-healing material is configured to solidify and/or expand upon contact with a reacting material.

A plastic substrate includes: a plastic support member having light transmittance; and a first organic-inorganic hybrid layer on the plastic support member. The first organic-inorganic hybrid layer includes: a first organic-inorganic hybrid matrix; and ions implanted into the first organic-inorganic hybrid matrix at a side opposite to a side adjacent the plastic support member. An amount of the ions per unit area is in a range from about 2×10.sup.13/cm.sup.2 to about 2×10.sup.14/cm.sup.2.

A thermal vacuum insulation element (10) comprising a first planar limiting part (12) and a second planar limiting part (14). The limiting parts are spaced apart from each other and define an evacuated space (16) between them. The evacuated space (16) is sealed by means (26) for sealing. The vacuum insulation element includes first support elements (18) extending away from the first limiting part (12) into the evacuated space (16) and second support elements (20) extending away from the second limiting part (14) into the evacuated space (16), the limiting parts (12, 14) being arranged with the support elements (18, 20) such that the first support elements (18) and the second support elements (20) protrude beyond and are spaced from each other. The first support elements (18) are spaced from the second limiting part (14), and the second support elements (20) are spaced from the first limiting part (12). A fiber structure (22) interconnects the first support elements (18) and the second support elements (20). The fiber structure (22) has a low thermal conductivity and is configured to absorb at least the pressure caused by the vacuum on the first and second limiting parts (12, 14).

Functionalized textile materials are provided. At least a portion of a textile surface in includes a ceramic material, such as a binderless porous structured ceramic, and optionally, one or more functional layer is applied, resulting in a textile material with one or more desirable functional properties, such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, photocatalysis, anti-fouling, and/or deodorant properties.

A bonding sheet includes a copper foil and sinterable bonding films formed on both faces of the copper foil. The bonding films each contain copper particles and a solid reducing agent. The bonding sheet is used to bond to a target object to be bonded having at least one metal selected from gold, silver, copper, and nickel on a surface thereof. A bonded structure includes: a bonded object having at least one metal selected from gold, silver, copper, and nickel on a surface thereof; a copper foil; and a bonding layer including a sintered structure of copper particles; and the bonded object and the copper foil are electrically connected to each other via the bonding layer.

Method for making a porous graphene layer of a thickness of less than 100 nm with pores having an average size in the range of 5-900 nm, includes the following steps: providing a catalytically active substrate catalyzing graphene formation under chemical vapor deposition conditions, the catalytically active substrate in or on its surface being provided with a plurality of catalytically inactive domains having a size essentially corresponding to the size of the pores in the resultant porous graphene layer; chemical vapor deposition using a carbon source in the gas phase and formation of the porous graphene layer on the surface of the catalytically active substrate. The pores in the graphene layer are in situ formed due to the presence of the catalytically inactive domains.