A method for producing a flat feature on a substrate, comprises the steps of printing a deposit of print medium onto the substrate, the printed deposit comprising an upper surface, modifying the upper surface of the printed deposit, for example by partially drying the printed deposit, and levelling the modified deposit to produce a flat feature.

A sheet-fed printing machine comprises two sheet-fed printing units; of which a first is configured as a sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit and has two collector cylinders, which interact with one another and each have an axis of rotation. An axial plane contains the axes of rotation of the collector cylinders. A reference plane contains an axis of rotation of this type and has a horizontal surface normal. An intersection angle between the axial plane and the reference plane is, at a maximum, 45 degrees. A first one of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing units has exactly four plate cylinders, of which exactly two are arranged such that they directly interact with the first collector cylinder and has exactly two others which are arranged such that they directly interact with the second collector cylinder. A second sheet-fed printing unit has at least one impression cylinder and at least one plate cylinder, which is arranged such that it directly interacts with the impression cylinder and which is configured a screen printing plate cylinder, or as a flexo plate cylinder or as a numbering plate cylinder. The two collector cylinders of the first printing unit and the impression cylinder of the second printing unit have the same circumference.

A machine arrangement, for sequentially processing sheet-type substrates, includes a plurality of different processing stations, one of which includes a non-impact printing device that prints the substrates. The processing station, including the non-impact printing device, also includes a printing cylinder, on the circumference of which, the non-impact printing device that prints the substrates is arranged. On the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder, four substrates are or can be placed behind each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the substrates that are to be conveyed are retained in one of a force-locking and a form-fitting manner on the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder by at least one retaining element.

A cooling module, which is securable to one or more thermal transfer members for an LED curing apparatus, wherein the cooling module comprises a first finned heat sink and a second finned heat sink; wherein the first finned heat sink is removably securable to the second finned heat sink to provide at least one aperture therebetween, wherein each of a plurality of fins protrude from the first finned heat sink and from the second finned heat sink and each fin is substantially perpendicular to the length of the or each aperture, wherein the first finned heat sink is removably secured proximal to the second finned heat sink by at least one locking member, and wherein the or each locking member is inserted such that its length is parallel to the length of the or each aperture.

An LED curing apparatus comprising at least one LED radiation source mounted on an LED mount; a housing comprising at least one air inlet; at least one finned heat sink; and at least one air passage through the housing from the or each air inlet through the or each finned heat sink to at least one air outlet; wherein the housing comprises an inlet cavity below the or each finned heat sink and an outlet cavity above the or each finned heat sink to maintain a higher air pressure below the or each finned heat sink and a lower air pressure above the or each finned heat sink.

A sheet-fed printing unit has a first impression cylinder and a second impression cylinder, which are arranged directly and interactingly in contact and which each have an axis of rotation. An axial plane contains the axes of rotation. A reference plane is a plane which contains an axis of rotation of a cylinder of this type and has a horizontal surface normal. These two cylinders are arranged such that an intersection angle between the axial plane and the reference plane is a maximum of 15°. A transport path is provided for a transportation of sheets, which transport path has a region for the respective impression cylinder in which there is contact between sheets and a casing surface. This region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder extends over an angular range of at least 270°. A sheet-fed printing machine has a sheet-fed printing unit of this type.

A sheet drying device and method, and a box making machine, wherein provided are: a heating lamp (111) that is disposed facing a printing face of a cardboard sheet (S); a voltage adjusting unit (122) that adjusts the voltage of electrical power supplied to the heating lamp (111); a voltage setting unit (121) that sets the working voltage of the heating lamp (111) by increasing or decreasing a reference voltage according to the thickness of a water-based paint on the cardboard sheet (S), where the reference voltage is a voltage that is less than the rated voltage of the heating lamp (111) by a preset prescribed value; and a controlling device (101) that changes the voltage of the heating lamp (111) to the working voltage set by the voltage setting unit (121) using the voltage adjusting unit (122).

A device is provided for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles, which are contained in a coating that is applied to a first side of a web-type or a sheet-type substrate. An application device is arranged in the transport path of the substrate, by the use of which, the coating is applied or is applicable to the first side of the substrate, in at least one application site. A first cylinder, which is embodied as a magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported downstream of the application device and comprises a plurality of elements creating a magnetic field in the region of the outer periphery of the first cylinder. Another cylinder, which is embodied as a magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported and comprises a plurality of elements creating a magnetic field in the region of the outer periphery of that cylinder. A drying device or an hardening device is arranged on the transport path between a site of a winding-on of the substrate on the first cylinder and a site of a winding-on of the other cylinder. The first cylinder, which is embodied as the magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported on the second side thereof. The drying or the hardening device is oriented in the transport path of the substrate to be transported on the first side thereof.

A machine arrangement, for sequentially processing sheet-type substrates, includes a plurality of different processing stations, one of which includes a non-impact printing device that prints the substrates. The processing station, including the non-impact printing device, also includes a printing cylinder, on the circumference of which, the non-impact printing device that prints the substrates is arranged. On the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder, four substrates are or can be placed behind each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the substrates that are to be conveyed are retained in one of a force-locking and a form-fitting manner on the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder by at least one retaining element.

A sheet-fed printing machine contains a printing unit, a drier, and a sheet handling device for transporting or guiding print sheets. The sheet handling device has an opening disposed downstream of the drier in the direction of transport. A humidification device for rehumidifying the print sheets is disposed in such a way that it rehumidifies the print sheets through the opening. The sheet handling device may contain a guide plate or several guide plates.