A highly reliable multilayer structure element substrate according to an embodiment of this present invention comprises: an electrothermal transducer; a temperature detection element formed at a position where the temperature detection element at least partially overlaps the electrothermal transducer in a planar view of the element substrate; and a plurality of wirings connected to the temperature detection element, wherein the temperature detection element can detect temperatures in a plurality of regions when a plurality of different wirings out of the plurality of wirings are selected.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a liquid ejection apparatus including: a liquid ejection head including a conversion element that generates energy required to eject liquid, a first protection layer that blocks contact between the conversion element and the liquid, a second protection layer that partially covers the first protection layer and functions as a first electrode, a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode through the liquid, and an ejection port that ejects the liquid, and a control unit configured to control a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode in printing to a predetermined value by changing at least one of potentials of the first electrode and the second electrode. The control unit sets the potential difference based on at least one of a condition and a configuration of the liquid ejection head.

A liquid ejection head includes a print element substrate having an ejection port surface in which a plurality of ejection ports are arranged and a temperature control unit that controls a temperature of the ejection port surface. The print element substrate ejects a liquid from the plurality of ejection ports onto a medium moved by the liquid ejection head relatively to the liquid ejection head. The ejection port surface includes a region on a downstream side of the ejection port surface in a direction in which the medium relatively moves when the medium is viewed from the liquid ejection head, and includes a region on an upstream side of the ejection port surface in the relative moving direction. The temperature control unit control the temperature of the ejection port surface so that a temperature of the downstream side region becomes higher than a temperature of the upstream side region.

An integrated circuit to drive a plurality of fluid actuation devices includes an ID line, a fire line, a discharge path, a memory element, and a latch. The memory element is electrically coupled to the fire line and the discharge path. The latch disables the discharge path in response to a first logic level on the ID line and enables the discharge path in response to a second logic level on the ID line.

An example provides a fluid ejection apparatus including a fluid feed slot along a length of a print head die of the fluid ejection apparatus to supply a fluid to a plurality of drop ejectors, control circuitry adjacent to at least one side of the fluid feed slot to control ejection of drops of fluid from the plurality of drop ejectors, and a single power supply connector at an end of the print head die to supply power to the control circuitry.

An inkjet printhead including a plurality of printhead dies, each printhead die including at least one crack sense resistor, at least one analog bus connected to each printhead die, and a controller separate from the plurality of printhead dies. The controller is configured to provide a known current to the at least one crack sense resistor of each printhead die in a selectable pattern via the at least one analog bus and to determine whether the printhead dies are cracked based on resulting voltages produced on the at least one analog bus.

Examples associated with drop velocity aberrancy detection are disclosed. One example includes firing ink through nozzles of a print-head past sensors to identify drop velocities of the nozzles. A target drop velocity is selected based on the drop velocities of the nozzles. An aberrant nozzles is detected when a nozzle has a drop velocity that deviates from the target drop velocity by a selected threshold. The aberrant nozzle is deactivated, and a good nozzle that will travel over locations traversed by the aberrant nozzle is configured to print portions of a job that would have been printed by the aberrant nozzle.

A memory cell includes an input coupled to a read line, an output coupled to a circuit ground, a bi-polar memristor, and at least one address switch coupled to an address line to select the memory cell. A memory includes the bi-polar memristor and a one-way current conducting device, wherein the one-way current conducting device is positioned between the memristor cell output and the circuit ground, or between the read line and the memristor cell input.

White-balance is improved when printing on colored media, while minimizing the time and use of costly materials required by present approaches. In an embodiment, the typical solid white fill or background layer is altered by including in the white layer one or more of the other colors already available in the printer to shade this layer. Thus, a small amount of cyan, for example, helps balance a pink-ish (red) media; yellow is used for blue media; and magenta is used for green media; as well as combinations thereof. A combination of transparent process inks and opaque white helps to maintain brightness (luminosity).

An example input voltage agnostic fluidic device may include a level shifter to adjust an input voltage of control signals received at an input interconnect to a voltage level that is within operational thresholds of on-chip devices of the input voltage agnostic fluidic device.