A liquid discharge head to discharge a liquid includes a piezoelectric body, a first electrode layer disposed at least partly on the piezoelectric body in a stacking direction, and a first wiring disposed on the first electrode layer in the stacking direction, the first wiring being more likely to cause ion migration than the first electrode layer, in which the piezoelectric body, the first electrode layer, and the first wiring are stacked in the stacking direction. When a predetermined area on the piezoelectric body is a first area, and a predetermined area adjacent to the first area on the piezoelectric body is a second area, both the first wiring and the first electrode layer are disposed in the first area, and the first wiring is not disposed while the first electrode layer is disposed in the second area.

Provided are an MEMS device, a head, and a liquid jet device in which substrates are inhibited from warping, so that a primary electrode and a secondary electrode can be reliably connected to each other. Included are a primary substrate 30 provided with a bump 32 including a primary electrode 34, and a secondary substrate 10 provided with a secondary electrode 91 on a bottom surface of a recessed portion 36 formed by an adhesive layer 35. The primary substrate 10 and the secondary substrate 30 are joined together with the adhesive layer 35, the primary electrode 34 is electrically connected to the secondary electrode 91 with the bump 32 inserted into the recessed portion 36, and part of the bump 32 and the adhesive layer 35 forming the recessed portion 36 overlap each other in a direction in which the bump 32 is inserted into the recessed portion 36.

A liquid discharge head attachment device includes a liquid discharge head including a plurality of nozzles that discharges liquid. The liquid discharge head has a nozzle face mounting the nozzles and a side face being perpendicular to the nozzle face. An attachment member is attached with the liquid discharge head. A position adjuster contacts the side face of the liquid discharge head and adjusts a position of the liquid discharge head with respect to the attachment member. The position adjuster is disposed outboard from the nozzles of the liquid discharge head. The position adjuster overlaps the liquid discharge head in an orthogonal direction perpendicular to the nozzle face of the liquid discharge head in at least a part of the position adjuster.

A piezoelectric device includes a substrate on which a plurality of recesses are arranged in a first direction, a vibration plate, and a piezoelectric actuator having a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode, a fourth electrode, and a piezoelectric layer, in which a plurality of active portions are provided, the second electrode and the third electrode are provided from an edge of a region facing a recess to an outside of the recess, the first electrode is formed between the second electrode and the third electrode, and the fourth electrode configures a common electrode for the plurality of active portions.

An image-recording apparatus includes: a first tank defining a first storage chamber; a second tank defining a second storage chamber; a conveying mechanism for conveying sheets along a conveying path extending in a depthwise direction and a widthwise direction perpendicular to a vertical direction and the depthwise direction; and a recording head including a nozzle. Liquid in the first storage chamber is supplied through a communication port to the second storage chamber and then to the recording head through a liquid outlet port. The second storage chamber is positioned further in a first depthwise direction relative to the nozzle and further in a first widthwise direction relative to the conveying path. A volume of a prescribed space above a liquid level equal to a height of the communication port in the second storage chamber is greater than that of a liquid channel between the liquid outlet port and the nozzle.

A liquid discharge head includes a flow passage substrate which is formed with individual flow passages, the individual flow passages including nozzles and pressure chambers communicated with the nozzles respectively, the pressure chambers being open on a surface of the flow passage substrate; a sealing member which is adhered to the surface via an adhesive and which seals the pressure chambers; and an actuator substrate which has a piezoelectric layer adhered to a surface of the sealing member on a side opposite to the flow passage substrate via an adhesive and individual electrodes formed on a side opposite to the sealing member with respect to the piezoelectric layer. The sealing member is composed of a material different from a material of the piezoelectric layer; and the surface has an adhesion area to which the sealing member is adhered and a non-adhesion area to which the sealing member is not adhered.

There is provided liquid discharging head including individual channels, supply throttles, and return throttles formed in plates. The supply throttles are formed in first plate of the plates and the return throttles are formed in second plate of the plates. Each of the supply throttles has cross section which is rectangle having first and second sides. Each of the return throttles has cross section which is rectangle having first and second sides. The length of the first side of each of the supply throttles and the length of the first side of each of the return throttles are substantially identical. The length of the second side of each of the supply throttles and the length of the second side of each of the return throttles are substantially identical. Aspect ratio of each of the supply throttles and aspect ratio of each of the return throttles are substantially identical.

A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head including a supply path and a discharge path circulating a liquid in a liquid circulation direction, the head configured to discharge the liquid, a circulation path coupled to the head, the liquid circulates through the head in the circulation path, a bypass coupled to a downstream end of the supply path of the head and an upstream end of the discharge path of the head in the liquid circulation direction, a pressure generator configured to generate and apply a circulation pressure to the liquid circulating through the circulation path, and a deaerator configured to remove gas in the liquid circulating the circulation path.

A liquid ejecting head includes a first drive circuit including a switching element that selects, from a plurality of drive elements, a drive element to which a drive signal for ejection of liquid through a nozzle is sent, a case defining a first accommodating portion that is a space accommodating the first drive circuit, and a first gas supply passage that is in communication with the first accommodating portion and through which gas is supplied to the first accommodating portion.

A lead-free piezoelectric material includes perovskite-type metal oxide containing Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg and indicates excellent piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric material satisfies the following relational expression (1): 0.430≤a≤0.460, 0.433≤b≤0.479, 0.040≤c≤0.070, 0.0125≤d≤0.0650, 0.0015≤e≤0.0092, 0.9×3e≤c−d≤1.1×3e, a+b+c+d+e=1, where a, b, c, d, and e denote the relative numbers of Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg atoms, respectively.