A pneumatic tire includes a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed outward of the carcass layer, a tread rubber disposed outward of the belt layer in a tire radial direction, sidewall rubbers disposed outward of the carcass layer in a tire width direction, and protectors disposed in regions from tire ground contact edges to maximum tire width positions and protruding from tire profiles. The protectors have a rubber hardness Hs_p in a range of 50≦Hs_p≦60, an elongation at break Eb_p in a range of 500%≦Eb_p≦700%, and an elastic modulus E_p in a range of 3.4 MPa≦E_p≦7.0 MPa.

A hooping reinforcement of a tire for a heavy duty civil engineering type vehicle is disclosed. The crown reinforcement (3) of the tire (1), radially on the inside of a tread (2), comprises a protective reinforcement (6), a working reinforcement (5) and a hooping reinforcement (7). Said hooping reinforcement (7) has an axial width at most equal to the smallest axial width (L61, L62) of the two working layers (61, 62), and comprises at least two hooping layers (71, 72) that are formed from strips each made up of elastic metal reinforcers. Each hooping layer (71, 72) is made up of an axial juxtaposition of contiguous turns of the strip (8), which are circumferentially wound around the working layer (51). Each strip (8) is at least 35 mm and at most 250 mm thick, and its distributed breaking tension is at least equal to 100 daN/mm.

A non-pneumatic tire includes a tread; a shear band, and a connecting web positioned between a hub and the shear band. The shear band has a first and second membrane layer formed of a plurality of parallel reinforcement cords arranged at an angle of 10 degrees or less with respect to the tire equatorial plane, said o tread further comprises a first angled belt located radially outward of the second membrane layer, and a second angled belt located radially outward of the first angled belt, wherein the first and second angled belt each have parallel reinforcement cords having a belt angle in the range of 15-30 degrees with respect to the tire equatorial plane, and wherein the angle of the second angled belt has an angle equal and opposite direction of the belt angle of the first angled belt.

A tire includes a belt layer in a tread portion. The belt layer includes at least one belt ply. The belt ply includes a plurality of belt cords including a steel single wire having a flat cross-sectional shape. In at least one of the belt cords, the steel single wire has a short diameter direction inclined at an angle θ of less than 90 degrees with respect to a thickness direction of the belt ply.

A pneumatic tire having a fiber-reinforced rubber layer can help prevent foreign objects from penetrating/extending beyond the tread and into its underlying layer(s), thereby desirably increasing the overall lifespan of the tire. In one embodiment, the tire includes at least one fiber-reinforced rubber layer, which can be generally supported by a tire carcass and interposed directly between a tread portion and belt ply. The fiber-reinforced rubber layer can define a barrier/barrier layer between the tread portion and belt ply and includes a rubber compound that is reinforced with one or more types of fiber (e.g., chopped nylon fiber) and has one or more specific chemical compounds that can provide desirable barrier properties (e.g., abrasion resistance, penetration energy, and DIN properties), thereby helping to prevent foreign objects from penetrating/extending beyond the tire tread and into its underlying layer(s), such as the belt ply and carcass.

A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction, and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer formed by laminating an angle belt having a belt angle≧45° and ≦70° in absolute values, a pair of cross belts, having belt angles of ≧10° and ≦45° in absolute values and having belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle within a range of ±5° with respect to a tire circumferential direction. A tread width TW and a total tire width SW such that 0.79≦TW/SW≦0.89. A width Ws of the circumferential reinforcing layer and a cross-sectional width Wca of the carcass layer such that 0.60≦Ws/Wca≦0.70.

A pneumatic tire is provided in the tread portion 2 with a belt 7 comprising a radially outermost first belt ply 7A and a radially inner second belt ply 7B each composed of belt cords 7C, and a band 8 thereon comprising a band ply 8A compound of a band cord 8C. At least one of axially outer edge portions of the belt 7 is provided between the first belt ply 7A and the second belt ply 7B with a first reinforcing rubber layer 11 having a radially outer surface which is convexed radially outwardly and along which an axially outer edge portion 15 of the first belt ply 7A extends in a mountain shape so as to have an axially inner portion 15a extending axially outwardly and obliquely toward the band ply 8A and an axially outer portion 15b extending axially outwardly and obliquely away from the band ply 8A.

A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass layer, a belt layer radially outward of the carcass layer, and a tread rubber radially outward of the belt layer. The belt layer includes an angle belt having a belt angle ≥45° and ≤70° in absolute values, a pair of cross belts having belt angles of ≥10° and ≤45° in absolute values and having belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a reinforcing layer having a belt angle within ±5° relative to a circumferential direction. A width Ws of the reinforcing layer and a cross-sectional width Wca of the carcass layer satisfy 0.60≤Ws/Wca≤0.70. The cross belts are radially outward of the large angle belt. The reinforcing layer is radially inward of the pair of cross belts. A width Wb2 of a wider cross belt of the pair and Wca satisfy 0.79≤Wb2/Wca≤0.89.

A tire for an agricultural vehicle with a metal crown reinforcement, with improved endurance of the crown reinforcement thereof through the choice of a suitable tread. For each tread portion (21), positioned axially, with respect to the equatorial plane (E) of the tire (1), at an axial distance DE at most equal to 0.36*L, and having an axial width LE equal to 0.08*L, the product TEVL*(H/B) of the local volumetric void ratio of the tread portion (21) and the circumferential slenderness H/B of each tread pattern element (22) of said tread portion (21) is at most equal to 0.35.

A tire (1) for an agricultural vehicle, having a crown reinforcement (3), with at least two crown layers (31, 32), each having metal reinforcers which are coated in an elastomer material. Any metal reinforcer of a crown layer (31, 32) has a law, known as a bi-modulus law, governing its elastic behaviour under tension, comprising a first portion having a first extension modulus MG1 at most equal to 30 GPa, and a second portion having a second extension modulus MG2 at least equal to 2 times the first extension modulus MG1, and any metal reinforcer of a crown layer (31, 32) has a law governing its behaviour under compression that is characterized by a critical buckling strain EU at least equal to 3%.