Combustion gas of an internal combustion engine passes through an exhaust system to an outlet opening. A detection device generates a state signal that describes an engine noise of the internal combustion engine. A control apparatus actuates at least one loudspeaker to produce a sound at the outlet opening based on the state signal to compensate for the engine noise or produce another engine noise, independently of the state signal based on predetermined audio data and thereby to use the at least one loudspeaker to audibly output an advisory signal described by the audio data.

A vehicle includes a vehicle subsystem, a user interface, and a controller. The user interface is configured to display a plurality of selectable vehicle models. The controller is programmed to, in response to a selection of a particular vehicle model, adjust a parameter of the subsystem to emulate a corresponding subsystem parameter of the particular vehicle model.

A sound generator for a vehicle includes: a resonator chamber configured to contact and expand in a longitudinal direction; a membrane disposed on a front open part of the resonator chamber; a cover disposed on a rear open part of the resonator chamber; a connecting pipe connected between the cover and an engine intake system; a magnet disposed on an inner surface of the cover; a coil disposed in a front end part of the resonator chamber; and a sound controller configured to apply an electric current to the coil.

An EV driving sound control system may include a sound output device of generating a driving sound of an EV vehicle; a torque measurement sensor of measuring a torque of a motor in the EV vehicle; an indoor noise measurement sensor of detecting a noise of the EV vehicle; and a signal processing controller for controlling the sound output device to reach a target tone by receiving signals from the torque measurement sensor and the indoor noise measurement sensor, wherein the signal processing controller extracts and outputs only the acceleration feeling sound component from an engine sound upon acceleration, and masks high-frequency noise upon deceleration by the sound output device, by use of the traveling information related to the EV vehicle inputted from the CAN communication in real time and the signals inputted from the indoor noise measurement sensor and the torque measurement sensor.

A road safety electronic sound system for quiet vehicles including a capsule in the approximate shape of a cylinder, the lateral surface of the capsule includes a partial mesh grille and a connection terminal. The capsule also includes a pair of push buttons on one of the bases and a microcontroller inside. The microcontroller is connected to: a power supply; the pair of push buttons for programming the functions of the microcontroller; the connection terminal for connecting it to an outer housing; a speaker; and a movement sensor. The microcontroller by means of the speaker is able to emit a permanent sound, which can be turned off, when the microcontroller detects, by means of the sensor, movement in the surroundings of the electronic system itself.

An audio system of a vehicle includes a selection module configured to, based on whether a gear shift of a transmission of the vehicle is occurring, set a selected torque to one of: a torque output of an engine of the vehicle; and a predicted torque output of the engine. A sound control module is configured to: determine frequencies for outputting a predetermined engine sound; and based on the selected torque, determine magnitudes for outputting the predetermined engine sound at the frequencies, respectively. An audio driver module is configured to apply power to speakers to output sound within a passenger cabin of the vehicle at the magnitudes and frequencies, respectively.

A pedestrian warning system for an eco-friendly vehicle may include a warning sound controller including an alarm sound controller and a virtual engine sound system configured to inform a pedestrian of a behavior of the vehicle; and an alarm sound output device including not only an amplifier for amplifying a pedestrian alarm sound and a virtual engine sound, but also a directional speaker for outputting the amplified pedestrian alarm sound and the amplified virtual engine sound.

An apparatus for outputting a virtual engine sound includes: an output device that outputs the virtual engine sound; a bumper beam connected to a rear surface of the output device; and a bumper foam connected to the output device and the bumper beam while opening left and right side surfaces of the output device. The apparatus for outputting a virtual engine sound may improve a virtual engine sound output efficiency by utilizing a sound pressure radiated from a side surface of the virtual engine sound output device.

A system for generating a virtual engine sound may include a server having information on at least one review of the virtual engine sound, and a virtual engine sound generator to generate my sound by tuning the virtual engine sound based on information on customized design settings, to update a preset driver emotion model for each emotion evaluation area of the virtual engine sound, based on the information on the at least one review of the virtual engine sound, which is received from the server, and to update the virtual engine sound based on the my sound and the driver emotion model updated for each emotion evaluation area.

A high pressure melamine plant comprising a synthesis section and a melamine purification section, wherein the synthesis section provides a first melamine-containing stream (6), and said melamine purification section comprises: a quencher (2) receiving said first melamine-containing stream (6) from the synthesis section; a stripper (3) fed with a second melamine-containing stream (7) from said quencher (2), wherein purified melamine (11) is collected and vapours (10) are extracted; a heat exchanger (12), wherein said vapours (10) are condensed providing a condensed stream (14); an absorber (4) fed with said condensed stream (14) providing an aqueous solution (15) comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide, at least a portion (15b) of said aqueous solution being exported from the purification section (200) of the plant.