A direct-drive bicycle include a bicycle body, which extends to include a front fork. A front wheel is pivotally provided at a tube fixedly provided at the terminal end of the front fork. A shaft passes through the tube. A rotary disc is connected to the shaft. A pedal is provided at each end of the shaft through a connecting rod. A transmission assembly include a rotatable spline shaft provided, a friction wheel slidably provided at the spline shaft to press against a friction disc provided at a side of the front wheel, and a rotating wheel fixed to the spline shaft. The rotary disc is located between the spline shaft and the front wheel, and drives the rotating wheel to change the position where the friction wheel presses against the friction disc. Thus, the front wheel can be directly driven and provides continuously variable transmission.

A direct-drive bicycle include a bicycle body, which extends to include a front fork. A front wheel is pivotally provided at a tube fixedly provided at the terminal end of the front fork. A shaft passes through the tube. A rotary disc is connected to the shaft. A pedal is provided at each end of the shaft through a connecting rod. A transmission assembly include a rotatable spline shaft provided, a friction wheel slidably provided at the spline shaft to press against a friction disc provided at a side of the front wheel, and a rotating wheel fixed to the spline shaft. The rotary disc is located between the spline shaft and the front wheel, and drives the rotating wheel to change the position where the friction wheel presses against the friction disc. Thus, the front wheel can be directly driven and provides continuously variable transmission.

A bicycle component comprising a stress/strain sensor aligned according to a stress/strain to be detected, and a temperature sensor associated with said stress/strain sensor, wherein said stress/strain sensor and said temperature sensor lie in planes that do not coincide with one another and are not parallel to each another.

A bicycle component comprising a stress/strain sensor aligned according to a stress/strain to be detected, and a temperature sensor associated with said stress/strain sensor, wherein said stress/strain sensor and said temperature sensor lie in planes that do not coincide with one another and are not parallel to each another.

A motorized self-balancing vehicle is provided. The vehicle may include at least two wheels. The vehicle may include a self-balancing mechanism. The vehicle may include a manual-drive mechanism. The self-balancing mechanism may constantly update the self-balancing vehicle in order to maintain the balance of a rider of the vehicle, while the rider is engaged in human motion on the manual-drive mechanism. The human motion may include pedaling and/or stepping. The vehicle may include an electric motor. The vehicle may include only an electric motor. The vehicle may include only a manual-drive mechanism. The vehicle may include both the manual-drive mechanism and the electric motor. In the embodiment including the manual-drive mechanism and the electric motor, the power generated by the electronic motor may be combined with power generated by the manual-drive mechanism in order to move the vehicle.

Systems and methods for evaluating ND are described herein. An example method can include constructing a non-sequential (NSC) ray-tracing model of an eye with an ophthalmic lens, and modelling a light source and a detector. The detector can be configured to mimic a retina of the eye. The method can also include computing irradiance data using the light source, the NSC ray-tracing model, and the detector. Irradiance data can be computed for each of a plurality of pupil sizes. The method can further include evaluating ND by analyzing the respective irradiance data for each of the pupil sizes. Also described herein are methods for designing an ophthalmic lens edge that reduces the incidence of ND for a given ophthalmic lens by adjusting the edge thickness and/or the scatter.

An apparatus for determining bicycle pedaling may include a sensor that detects the angular velocity and position of a drivetrain or rear sprocket assembly of the bicycle and a processor that is configured to compare the detected values against values indicative of at least one pedaling state. The apparatus may be configured to be housed within a component of the bicycle, such as within a hollow opening of the spindle or crank axle. The apparatus also may include a wireless transmitter to communicate with another component, such as a suspension controller.

An apparatus for determining bicycle pedaling may include a sensor that detects the angular velocity and position of a drivetrain or rear sprocket assembly of the bicycle and a processor that is configured to compare the detected values against values indicative of at least one pedaling state. The apparatus may be configured to be housed within a component of the bicycle, such as within a hollow opening of the spindle or crank axle. The apparatus also may include a wireless transmitter to communicate with another component, such as a suspension controller.

A cinch direct mount 2× ring system is disclosed. One embodiment discloses a chainring assembly having a drive side crank arm with a chainring assembly interface including a plurality of splines, a circumference, and an axial length. The chainring assembly includes a first chainring having a first outer diameter and a first center assembly shape. The chainring assembly includes a second chainring having a second outer diameter and a second center assembly shape, the second outer diameter being different than the first outer diameter. The chainring assembly also includes a fastener to couple the first chainring and the second chainring with the chainring assembly interface, such that at least one of the first center assembly shape or the second center assembly shape engages with the plurality of splines.

A cinch direct mount 2× ring system is disclosed. One embodiment discloses a chainring assembly having a drive side crank arm with a chainring assembly interface including a plurality of splines, a circumference, and an axial length. The chainring assembly includes a first chainring having a first outer diameter and a first center assembly shape. The chainring assembly includes a second chainring having a second outer diameter and a second center assembly shape, the second outer diameter being different than the first outer diameter. The chainring assembly also includes a fastener to couple the first chainring and the second chainring with the chainring assembly interface, such that at least one of the first center assembly shape or the second center assembly shape engages with the plurality of splines.