An image forming apparatus includes a reverse roller pair including a drive roller and a driven roller by which a recording medium is nipped and conveyed reversibly, a motor configured to rotate the drive roller reversibly, a conveyance roller pair, a detection unit configured to detect the recording medium conveyed by the conveyance roller pair, and a controller configured to control the motor, in a case in which the recording medium is detected by the detection unit, to cause the drive roller to rotate in a first rotation direction by a first rotation amount, thereafter to cause the drive motor to rotate in a second rotation direction by a second rotation amount. A difference between the first rotation amount and the second rotation amount is set to an integer multiple of a predetermined rotation amount of the motor, the predetermined rotation amount making the drive roller one rotation.

An image forming apparatus includes a reverse roller pair including a drive roller and a driven roller by which a recording medium is nipped and conveyed reversibly, a motor configured to rotate the drive roller reversibly, a conveyance roller pair, a detection unit configured to detect the recording medium conveyed by the conveyance roller pair, and a controller configured to control the motor, in a case in which the recording medium is detected by the detection unit, to cause the drive roller to rotate in a first rotation direction by a first rotation amount, thereafter to cause the drive motor to rotate in a second rotation direction by a second rotation amount. A difference between the first rotation amount and the second rotation amount is set to an integer multiple of a predetermined rotation amount of the motor, the predetermined rotation amount making the drive roller one rotation.

A film tensioning and steering system can be configured to extract a film from a film source. One or more film characteristics can require that the film tensioning and steering system be isolated from the film source so that a film tension can be maintained within the film tensioning and steering system. A first drive roller pair and a second drive roller pair can be configured to secure the film and enable a dampening roller to maintain the film tension between the first drive roller pair and the second drive roller pair. Additionally, the dampening roller can store an amount of the film as a film buffer. Accordingly, the film tensioning and steering system can maintain the film tension such that a steering system can align the film before the first drive roller pair provides the film at a proper alignment to a downstream system.

A film tensioning and steering system can be configured to extract a film from a film source. One or more film characteristics can require that the film tensioning and steering system be isolated from the film source so that a film tension can be maintained within the film tensioning and steering system. A first drive roller pair and a second drive roller pair can be configured to secure the film and enable a dampening roller to maintain the film tension between the first drive roller pair and the second drive roller pair. Additionally, the dampening roller can store an amount of the film as a film buffer. Accordingly, the film tensioning and steering system can maintain the film tension such that a steering system can align the film before the first drive roller pair provides the film at a proper alignment to a downstream system.

A sheet supplying apparatus, which is capable of winding a sheet tightly, includes a driving unit configured to cause a roll including a wound consecutive sheet to rotate in a first direction for feeding the sheet or a second direction opposite to the first direction, a sensor that detects a leading end portion of the sheet separated from an outer circumferential surface of the roll, and a contact body that presses the outer circumferential surface. Before the sheet is fed, in a state in which the contact body presses the outer circumferential surface, the driving unit causes the roll to continuously rotate in the second direction until a detection cycle of the leading end portion by the sensor is less than a predetermined value.

A sheet supplying apparatus, which is capable of winding a sheet tightly, includes a driving unit configured to cause a roll including a wound consecutive sheet to rotate in a first direction for feeding the sheet or a second direction opposite to the first direction, a sensor that detects a leading end portion of the sheet separated from an outer circumferential surface of the roll, and a contact body that presses the outer circumferential surface. Before the sheet is fed, in a state in which the contact body presses the outer circumferential surface, the driving unit causes the roll to continuously rotate in the second direction until a detection cycle of the leading end portion by the sensor is less than a predetermined value.

A servo control device to execute an operation in a discrete time system may include a velocity feedback path having a difference means calculating a pseudo-velocity from a detected position and a lowpass filter, and a PI control means executing a proportional integration control operation on a deviation between the pseudo-velocity and the position deviation to create a drive command for the driver. The velocity feedback path includes a first gain means applying a first gain to the pseudo-velocity, a delay means delaying the pseudo-velocity, and a second gain means applying a second gain to the delayed pseudo-velocity. A sum of an output of the first gain means and the second gain means is inputted to the lowpass filter, and “F.sub.a(z)=1/(1−z.sup.−1F.sub.b(z))” is satisfied where a transfer function of the PI control means is F.sub.a(z), and a transfer function of the lowpass filter is F.sub.b(z).

A multi-lane system for wrapping ice cream products is presented. The system comprises reel holders for receiving reels holding webs of packaging material, a wrapping machine arranged to receive the ice cream products, to receive the webs, to enclose the ice cream products in the webs and to seal the webs such that wrapped ice cream products are formed, and a web conveying arrangement arranged to individually feed the webs of packaging material from the reels to the wrapping machine. The web conveying arrangement comprises de-tensioning devices arranged to decrease tensions in the webs upstream the wrapping machine.

A multi-lane system for wrapping ice cream products is presented. The system comprises reel holders for receiving reels holding webs of packaging material, a wrapping machine arranged to receive the ice cream products, to receive the webs, to enclose the ice cream products in the webs and to seal the webs such that wrapped ice cream products are formed, and a web conveying arrangement arranged to individually feed the webs of packaging material from the reels to the wrapping machine. The web conveying arrangement comprises de-tensioning devices arranged to decrease tensions in the webs upstream the wrapping machine.

A conveying apparatus for feeding sheets into a processing apparatus is discloses which comprises a plurality of nips within which sheets are gripped and driven along a conveying direction towards the processing apparatus, each nip being defined between a respective drive wheel and an opposing reaction surface. The drive wheels are omni-wheels configured to apply a frictional force to advance the sheets in the conveying direction while permitting free movement of the sheets in a direction transverse to the conveying direction, the reaction surfaces permitting free movement of the sheets in the transverse direction, and an elongate guide is arranged on one side of the conveying apparatus, to extend generally parallel to the conveying direction, the conveying apparatus being configured to urge conveyed sheets in the transverse direction into contact with the guide. A control system is provided to move the guide generally in the transverse direction in dependence upon sensed fiducials on the conveyed sheets, to ensure correct alignment of the sheets in the transverse direction with respect to the processing apparatus.