A device for preparing high-purity hydrogen and/or oxygen by electrolyzing water, including an electrolyzer and a degasser for degassing desalted water. The degasser is located at the upstream of the electrolyzer. After desalted water is heated and degassed in the degasser, the content of gaseous impurities, particularly argon, can be reduced to several ppb (weight ratio). The hydrogen and oxygen generated after the desalted and degassed water is electrolyzed in the electrolyzer also contain an extremely small amount of argon, so that the requirements in semiconductor industry are met. Also involved is a method of preparing high-purity hydrogen and/or oxygen by using the device.

The present invention relates to a process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions, wherein the endothermic reaction is conducted in a production phase in a first reactor zone, the production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections/or in the form of a fluidized bed, and the product-containing gas stream is drawn off from the production zone in the region of the highest temperature level plus/minus 200 K and the product-containing gas stream is guided through a second reactor zone, the heat recycling zone, which at least partly comprises a fixed bed, where the heat from the product-containing gas stream is stored in the fixed bed, and, in the subsequent purge step, a purge gas is guided through the production zone and the heat recycling zone in the same flow direction, and, in a heating zone disposed between the production zone and the heat recycling zone, the heat required for the endothermic reaction is introduced into the product-containing gas stream and into the purge stream or into the purge stream, and then, in a regeneration phase, a gas is passed through the two reactor zones in the reverse flow direction and the production zone is heated up; the present invention further relates to a structured reactor comprising three zones, a production zone containing solid particles, a heating zone and a heat recycling zone containing a fixed bed, wherein the solid particles and the fixed bed consist of different materials.

Devices for photoelectrodes for water splitting based on indium nanowires on flexible substrates as well as methods of manufacture by transferring nanowire arrays to flexible substrates.

A hydrogen production apparatus including a photocatalyst and generating hydrogen from water includes a wavelength separation unit separating sunlight by wavelength, an infrared light conversion unit converting infrared light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light, and an ultraviolet light conversion unit converting ultraviolet light separated by the wavelength separation unit to visible light.

Semiconductor particles are used as a photocatalyst for inducing a water-splitting reaction where water molecules decompose into oxygen molecules and hydrogen molecules by addition of a co-catalyst and light irradiation, the semiconductor particles including strontium titanate doped with scandium. A synthesis method of a semiconductor for the photocatalyst includes a synthesis step of synthesizing the semiconductor particles including strontium titanate doped with scandium by mixing strontium chloride (SrCl.sub.2), strontium titanate (SrTiO.sub.3), and scandium oxide (Sc.sub.2O.sub.3) and firing the mixture.

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions.

The invention concerns a process for operating a fired furnace which is heated using a fuel gas stream and forming a combustion product stream, wherein heat of at least part of the combustion product stream is used in forming a steam stream. It is provided that at least a part of the steam stream is subjected to a high-temperature electrolysis to form a hydrogen-containing and an oxygen-containing material stream, and that at least a part of the hydrogen-containing material stream is used as the fuel gas stream. A corresponding arrangement is also the subject of the invention.

A device and a method for recovering by-product oxygen from water-electrolysis hydrogen production using a low-temperature method are provided, solving the waste problem of by-product oxygen in the green water-electrolysis hydrogen production system. The device according to the present disclosure comprises an oxygen clarifying system, a pressurizing and heat exchanging system, and a circulating gas compression and expansion refrigeration system. The recovering method according to the present disclosure comprises the following steps: first clarifying and purifying the by-product oxygen from water-electrolysis hydrogen production is to remove hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and other impurities in the oxygen; and then, liquefying, pressurizing and heat exchanging the pure oxygen to obtain the product oxygen and liquid oxygen with required pressure. In the whole process, the cooling capacity is provided by the circulating gas expansion refrigeration system.

A method for using a natural attapulgite is disclosed. The method includes using the natural attapulgite as a natural nano mineral enzyme. The results of the examples show that the natural attapulgite has peroxidase-like activity, catalase-like activity or superoxide dismutase-like activity, and good biocompatibility. Compared with protease, the natural attapulgite has the advantages such as large reserves, easy to obtain, low cost, high temperature resistance and wide range of pH value. Compared with a developed artificial nano enzymes, the natural attapulgite further has the advantages such as multi-function, natural non-toxic (from nature, no heavy metals), good biocompatibility, easy to obtain, no complex processing, and huge surface area which provides a place for cell growth and proliferation.

An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.