A process for producing nitric acid by the Ostwald process involves reacting ammonia with atmospheric oxygen as primary air to afford a NOx-containing gas stream in an ammonia oxidation reactor at a first pressure and absorbing the NOx-containing gas stream in water in an absorption apparatus at a higher, second pressure. Nitric acid is bleached with bleach air as secondary air at approximately the first pressure. The secondary air is brought to an operating pressure of the bleaching operation via a separate secondary air compressor or compressor stage. The separate secondary air compressor is independent of the compressor that brings the primary air to the first pressure. Compression to the second higher pressure at which the absorption of the NOx gases is performed in the absorption apparatus is provided only downstream of the bleaching operation.

A process for producing nitric acid by the Ostwald process involves reacting ammonia with atmospheric oxygen as primary air to afford a NOx-containing gas stream in an ammonia oxidation reactor at a first pressure and absorbing the NOx-containing gas stream in water in an absorption apparatus at a higher, second pressure. Nitric acid is bleached with bleach air as secondary air at approximately the first pressure. The secondary air is brought to an operating pressure of the bleaching operation via a separate secondary air compressor or compressor stage. The separate secondary air compressor is independent of the compressor that brings the primary air to the first pressure. Compression to the second higher pressure at which the absorption of the NOx gases is performed in the absorption apparatus is provided only downstream of the bleaching operation.

Disclosed herein is an explosive composition for soft and wet ground. The explosive composition comprises an explosive comprising an oxidiser component in a water in oil emulsion or a water gel, and a bulking agent comprising discrete particles of a combustible substance. The combustible substance is water soluble but, in the explosive composition, migration of the combustible substance from the discrete particles to the oxidiser component is inhibited. Also disclosed is a method for delivering an explosive composition to a borehole, for example a borehole in soft and wet ground.

An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

An energy carrier system is provided that produces ammonia with high efficiency and that further produces hydrogen as final product and uses the hydrogen as energy. An energy storage transportation method is further provided that is carried out by using energy carrier system. The energy carrier system includes nitric acid production device, an ammonia production device, and hydrogen production device. The nitric acid production device includes a photo-reactor, a gas supply unit that supplies photo-reactor with gas to be treated containing a nitrogen oxide, water, and oxygen, and light source disposed in the photo-reactor. The light source radiates light including ultraviolet of a wavelength shorter than 175 nm. The energy storage transportation method includes nitric acid production step of producing nitric acid from a nitrogen oxide, ammonia production step of producing ammonia through reduction of nitric acid, and hydrogen production step of producing hydrogen through decomposition of the ammonia.

An ionic salt includes a polyvalent ion (a) having a metal cluster structure or a metal oxide cluster structure and an organic ion (b), a radiation-sensitive resist composition including the ionic salt, and a pattern forming method, wherein the polyvalent ion (a) includes at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, antimony, tellurium, and bismuth, and the organic ion (b) is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a sulfonate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a phosphonate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a phenoxide anion having 6 or more carbon atoms; an iodonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; a sulfonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; an ammonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; and a pyridinium cation having 5 or more carbon atoms.

An ionic salt includes a polyvalent ion (a) having a metal cluster structure or a metal oxide cluster structure and an organic ion (b), a radiation-sensitive resist composition including the ionic salt, and a pattern forming method, wherein the polyvalent ion (a) includes at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, antimony, tellurium, and bismuth, and the organic ion (b) is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a sulfonate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a phosphonate anion having 4 or more carbon atoms; a phenoxide anion having 6 or more carbon atoms; an iodonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; a sulfonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; an ammonium cation having 4 or more carbon atoms; and a pyridinium cation having 5 or more carbon atoms.

The invention relates to a method for producing large stainless steel meshes on flatbed knitting machines, comprising the steps of providing stainless steel wire and knitting a stainless steel mesh, characterized in that one stainless steel mesh each is knitted on the front and the rear needle bed of the flatbed knitting machine at the same time, and these two stainless steel meshes are linked to each other on one side by connecting stitches.

The invention relates to a method for producing large stainless steel meshes on flatbed knitting machines, comprising the steps of providing stainless steel wire and knitting a stainless steel mesh, characterized in that one stainless steel mesh each is knitted on the front and the rear needle bed of the flatbed knitting machine at the same time, and these two stainless steel meshes are linked to each other on one side by connecting stitches.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a gliding-arc type plasma reactor for use in nitrogen-based fertilizer production. The plasma reactor may include a pair of electrodes oriented in a plane within an enclosure. A pair of sheaths may attach to a corresponding electrode, with each included a strike point surface oriented to face the other sheath. The electrodes may further include an inner channel through which a cooling fluid may be pumped for heat control. A gas injection system may also be included to inject a gas into the chamber for interacting with the plasma arc and may or may not include an adjustable nozzle. The nozzle may direct air flow, including the gas, at a location at which the plasma arc may occur. The device provides for a long lifetime of components within the device and easy replacement and maintenance of the components of high-wear items.