A carbon nanotube (CNT) growth apparatus includes: a body; an inlet cap; an outlet cap; insulation extending through a portion of an interior of the body, the insulation including a first stage and a second stage, a flow tube extending through the inlet cap and passing coaxially through the first stage of the insulation, the flow tube configured to receive and flow a fluid to the interior of the body; a gas heater including a plurality of heat pipes configured to be inserted in the first stage of the insulation, the plurality of heat pipes being disposed adjacent to the flow tube; a substrate heater incorporated in the second stage of the insulation; and a temperature controller configured to adjust a temperature of the gas heater and substrate heater, wherein a removed portion of the second stage is configured to provide an unobstructed view of the substrate.

Embodiments of the present invention include composite compositions extrusion compounded together comprising a polymer, an amount of nanotubes, and an amount of finely milled carbon fiber having an aspect ratio greater than 1 and less than about 5. The resulting composite materials allow for high carbon loading levels with improved tribological properties including coefficient of friction and wear rates, provides uniform surface resistance with minimal processing sensitivity, retains rheological properties similar to the base resin, and provides isotropic shrink and a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion leading to minimal warp. In general, various articles can be formed that take advantage of the properties of the composite materials incorporating a polymer, carbon nanotubes and finely milled carbon fiber.

A resistive heating element for use in or manufacturing of a component of an aircraft or spacecraft. The resistive heating element includes a sheet made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having a length of at least about 5 μ.Math.η, and formed as a nonwoven or composite polymer sheet, having good uniformity. The sheet is made with a basis weight between 1 and 50 grams per square meter (gsm), to provide a resistance value, inversely related to the basis weight, of at least about 0.01 ohms per square (Ω/□), and up to about 100 Ω/□. The CNTs can have an aspect ratio of at least about 1000:1, and at least about 10,000:1 or 100,000:1. The resistance value of the sheet can be controlled by the basis weight of CNTs, the diameter of the CNTs, and the length of CNTs, as well as chemical and mechanical treatments.

The present invention provides soluble single wall nanotube (SWNT) constructs functionalized with a plurality of a targeting moiety and a plurality of one or more payload molecules attached thereto. The targeting moiety and the payload molecules may be attached to the soluble SWNT via a DNA or other oligomer platform attached to the SWNT. These soluble SWNT constructs may comprise a radionuclide or contrast agent and as such are effective as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Methods provided herein are to diagnosing or locating a cancer, treating a cancer, eliciting an immune response against a cancer or delivering an anticancer drug in situ via an enzymatic nanofactory using the soluble SWNT constructs.

The invention is directed to a method for attaching nanomaterials containing hexagonal lattices to polymer surfaces. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be attached to polycarbonate, polyethylene, or epoxy surfaces by amination of the polymer surface, functionalization of the surfaces of CNTs with ester groups, and reacting the aminated surface of the polymer with the ester groups of the functionalized surfaces of the CNTs in an organic solvent to chemically bind the CNTs to the polymer surface.

Low-density carbon nanotubes may be prepared using a fluidized bed reactor provided with a side nozzle, and are excellent in electrical properties and appearance characteristics when used as a composite material.

The present invention provides a laminate structure in which the properties of a single-walled CNT, which are susceptible to surrounding environment, are stabilized by protecting the surface of the single-walled CNT with a proper substance, and/or another property is imparted to the single-walled CNT. The present invention provides a structure which comprises a first single-walled carbon nanotube having a length of 50 nm or longer, preferably 100 nm or longer, and a second layer laminated on the first single-walled carbon nanotube, wherein the second layer comprises at least one substance selected from the group A consisting of first boron nitride, first transition metal dichalcogenide, second carbon, first black phosphorus and first silicon.

Provided is a catalyst for manufacturing multi-wall carbon nanotubes, the catalyst including metal components according to <Equation> Ma:Mb=x:y, and having a hollow structure with a thickness of 0.5-10 μm. In the above equation, Ma represents at least two metals selected from Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Mo, V, W, Sn, and Cu; Mb represents at least one metal selected from Mg, Al, Si, and Zr; x and y each represent the molar ratio of Ma and Mb; and x+y=10, 2.0≤x≤7.5, and 2.5≤y≤8.0.

Sensors, methods of producing sensors, and methods of measuring sensitivities of sensors are disclosed herein. A sensor includes a nanocomposite material having a thermoplastic polyurethane base. A method of producing a sensor includes embedding a plurality of carbon nanotubes into a thermoplastic polyurethane base and diluting a concentration of the plurality of carbon nanotubes embedded into the thermoplastic polyurethane base.

Provided herein are methods and devices for production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which have high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities. The device includes, for example, a module for depositing catalyst on a substrate, a module for forming CNTs, a module for separating CNTs from the substrate, a module for collecting the CNTs and a module for continuously and sequentially advancing the substrate through the above modules. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate and collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface, where the substrate moves sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps.