A method and a device for detecting internal carbon deposition of a solid oxide fuel cell system. The method comprises the following steps: adjusting a temperature in a reformer of the solid oxide fuel cell system so that a mixed gas discharged from the reformer is at a detection temperature; sampling the mixed gas; detecting a gas sample to obtain a mole fraction of each gas, and calculating an equilibrium constant K1 of a Boudouard reaction according to the obtained mole fraction; calculating an equilibrium constant K2 of the Boudouard reaction according to thermodynamics; comparing K1 and K2, if K1 is less than K2, determining that there will be no carbon deposition in the solid oxide fuel cell system; and if K1 is greater than K2, determining that there will be carbon deposition in the solid oxide fuel cell system. By using the method, a carbon deposition condition in the solid oxide fuel cell system can be detected to effect early warning regarding the solid oxide fuel cell system and take preventive measures

According to one aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen production apparatus includes a hydrogen production mechanism configured to produce a hydrogen gas from a raw material by using a catalyst; and an operation control circuit configured to input a parameter value as an index indicating a state of the catalyst, and configured to control an operation maximum load of the hydrogen production mechanism to be variable in correspondence with the parameter value.

A method of maintaining a syngas composition ratio during an upset condition, including detecting a reduction in the import carbon dioxide flow rate with a carbon dioxide import stream flow sensor, evaluating the reduction in carbon dioxide flow rate or carbon dioxide pressure in a controller, performing one or more predetermined corrective actions as instructed by the controller. Wherein the predetermined corrective actions are chosen from the following: opening a CO2 import stream flow valve, opening a hydrocarbon and steam stream feed valve, opening a CO2 backup stream control valve, opening a syngas backup letdown valve, and starting a composition adjustment unit.

A method can be utilized to startup into a normal operating state a steam reformer arrangement for the production of hydrogen, methanol, or ammonia. A plurality of burners that are coupled to at least one reactor having reformer tubes may be controlled and regulated. In particular, startup may be performed out and regulated in an automated manner by the burners ensuring normal operation, in particular non-startup burners, being ignited indirectly as a function of temperature by means of burners provided specifically for startup, in particular pilot burners and startup burners, as a function of automatically evaluated flame monitoring at least at the pilot burners. This method provides time savings and savings of outlay in terms of personnel and also high operational reliability.

A method of co-producing liquid hydrogen and ammonia, including a hydrogen generator, a nitrogen generator, and a HLU is presented. The method includes pressurizing a hydrogen stream from the hydrogen generator in a hydrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized hydrogen into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion includes at least part of the flow of a first refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to an ammonia plant. The method also includes pressurizing a nitrogen stream from the nitrogen generator in a HP nitrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized nitrogen stream into at least a first part and a second part, wherein the first part comprises at least part of the flow of a second refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to the ammonia plant.

A method of co-producing liquid hydrogen and ammonia, including a hydrogen generator, a nitrogen generator, and a HLU is presented. The method includes pressurizing a hydrogen stream from the hydrogen generator in a hydrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized hydrogen into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion includes at least part of the flow of a first refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to an ammonia plant. The method also includes pressurizing a nitrogen stream from the nitrogen generator in a HP nitrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized nitrogen stream into at least a first part and a second part, wherein the first part comprises at least part of the flow of a second refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to the ammonia plant.

The present disclosure relates to a hydrogen purification/storage apparatus and method using a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC).

An apparatus for producing synthesis gas at high capacity is described, wherein particularly fast conversion and operation for a long time without interruption is obtained. The apparatus comprises a reactor (1) having a reactor chamber (2) which comprises at least one first inlet (5) connected to a source of hydrocarbon fluid and at least one outlet (15); further a plasma burner (7) having a burner part (11) which is adapted to produce a plasma; and at least one second inlet (6) connected to a source of CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2O. The reactor chamber (2) defines a flow path from the first inlet (5) to the outlet (15), wherein the burner part is located, with respect to the flow path, between the first inlet (5) for hydrocarbon fluid and the second inlet (6) for CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2O; and wherein the second inlet (6) is located with respect to the flow path such that the second inlet (6) is at a location where between 90% and 95% of the hydrocarbon fluid is thermally decomposed. Further a method for operating an apparatus for producing synthesis gas is described.

An experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of a gas reservoir comprises a gas source, a plurality of groups of reactors and an analysis monitoring device, wherein the gas source comprises a methane tank, a helium tank, an oxygen tank and a water vapor generator, the gas source can supply gas to the reactors separately, the in-situ hydrogen production is simulated in the reactors; and meanwhile, a use method of the experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of the gas reservoir can achieve accurate simulation of the multi-stage in-situ hydrogen production and multi-well group cooperative hydrogen production processes of different types of gas reservoirs in actual production by adjusting connection states of the plurality of groups of reactors. The experimental result in the present invention can be closer to the actual production.

An experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of a gas reservoir comprises a gas source, a plurality of groups of reactors and an analysis monitoring device, wherein the gas source comprises a methane tank, a helium tank, an oxygen tank and a water vapor generator, the gas source can supply gas to the reactors separately, the in-situ hydrogen production is simulated in the reactors; and meanwhile, a use method of the experimental simulation device for hydrogen production by in-situ conversion of the gas reservoir can achieve accurate simulation of the multi-stage in-situ hydrogen production and multi-well group cooperative hydrogen production processes of different types of gas reservoirs in actual production by adjusting connection states of the plurality of groups of reactors. The experimental result in the present invention can be closer to the actual production.