There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

A steam methane reformer (SMR) system includes an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed; an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open. A flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube, the flow channel being in fluid communication with the annular space. The SMR system includes a catalytic foam disposed in the annular space between the outer tube and the inner tube, the catalytic foam comprising a catalyst.

A hydrogen production apparatus includes a heating furnace that burns fuel supplied by a fuel supply unit and heats catalyst particles, a cyclone that is connected to a downstream side of the heating furnace and separates the catalyst particles and a combustion exhaust gas, and a thermal decomposition furnace including a storage tank that stores the catalyst particles separated by the cyclone and a raw material gas introduction unit that introduces a raw material gas containing at least hydrocarbon from a lower portion of the storage tank.

The present disclosure relates to a hydrogen reforming system including a reforming part configured to extract hydrogen from a source gas, and a metal hydride compressor configured to be operated by waste heat discharged from the reforming part and to compress the hydrogen discharged from the reforming part, thereby obtaining an advantageous effect of combining the function of two machines and improving energy efficiency.

The present invention describes a process for steam reforming natural gas, comprising a steam reforming exchanger-reactor (3000), a reactor for converting CO to CO.sub.2 (3100), and a PSA hydrogen purification unit (4300), with a view to producing a synthesis gas in which the heat necessary for the steam reforming reaction is supplied by a first combustion chamber (3100) connected to a second combustion chamber (3200) generating fumes in order to produce a very high degree of thermal integration.

The present invention relates to a process for converting feed streams selected from (1) a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and a hydrogen rich gas stream; (2) a methane rich gas stream; and (3) a combination of feed streams (1) and (2) into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen. The process may include introducing feed streams selected from (1), (2) or (3) and oxygen into a reaction vessel and switching modes between performing method I or method II in the reaction vessel wherein no catalyst is present. The reaction vessel may be provided with a burner located at the top of the reaction vessel, the burner may include coaxial channels for the separate introduction of the different gas streams. Method I may be a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature. Method II may be a partial oxidation reaction at elevated temperature.

The present disclosure relates to a process plant and a process for production of a hydrogen rich gas, comprising the steps of (a) directing an amount of a synthesis gas comprising at least 15%, 50% or 80% on dry basis of CO and H.sub.2 in combination, a gas comprising steam, and a recycled intermediate product gas to be combined into a first reactor feed gas, (b) directing said first reactor feed gas to contact a first material catalytically active in water gas shift reaction, producing an intermediate product gas, (c) splitting said intermediate product gas in the recycled intermediate product gas and a remaining intermediate product gas, (d) combining said remaining intermediate product gas with a further amount of synthesis gas forming a second reactor feed gas, (e) directing said second reactor feed gas to contact a second material catalytically active in the water gas shift reaction, producing a product gas, characterized in the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said first reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0 and the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said second reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0. with the associated benefit of distributing the heat development and thus reducing the maximum temperature in the reactors by limiting the extent of reaction of the reacting mixture, and thereby reducing the amount of steam required for limiting methanation.

A fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, an annular second area around the first area and where a reformer and an evaporator are provided, an annular third area around the second area and where a heat exchanger is provided, and an annular heat recovery area around the third area as a passage of oxygen-containing gas for recovery of heat radiated from the third area toward the outer circumference.

The invention relates to petroleum sludge or other wastes recycle treatment system, which comprises a pre-treatment operation facility for a treated matter to be treated as a raw material. A feeding unit is arranged to feed the raw material into at least one gasification reactor with a push rod or a screw for pyrolysis gasification. The upper half of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe which can be connected with a gas collecting pump, and the lower half is provided with a liquid petroleum output pipe and an ash residue outlet, in which the ash residue outlet can be provided with a spiral pipe to draw the ash residue out. The petroleum sludge and other wastes in a dense fluid state are transported from a raw material tank to the at least one gasification reactor end which is bent upward through at least one pipe body, and the feeding mode of pyrolysis gasification of the raw material from below to upper of the gasification reactor is adopted. The top of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe, and the other side is provided with an ash residue accumulation chamber. The ash residue can be centralized and discharged through the lower buffer chamber and the slag discharge chamber, so as to convert the petroleum sludge or other wastes into more energy-efficient syngas providing human beings as users of electric or thermal energy.

Embodiments include a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.