A comprehensive recycling method for a waste lithium iron phosphate battery relates to a waste lithium ion battery recycling technology, and particularly comprises: first selectively extracting lithium, and then using a lithium extraction residue to prepare iron phosphate, the using the lithium extraction residue to prepare the iron phosphate comprising: adding the lithium extraction residue to water to form a slurry, adding hydrochloric acid and stirring to react, so that iron is completely dissolved, performing solid-liquid separation, on the basis of iron and phosphorus contents of the obtained liquid, adding trisodium phosphate or ferric chloride, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to precipitate crude iron phosphate; and then performing reverse three-stage washing to remove impurities to obtain a battery iron phosphate product. The problem of environmental protection is solved and meanwhile, all of the valuable elements are recycled, and a relative cost is greatly reduced by about 25%.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a vanadium-carbon phosphate composite material, a vanadium-carbon phosphate composite material obtained according to the process, and to the uses of the composite material, especially as a precursor for the synthesis of electrochemically-active materials, electrode or active anode material.

The invention relates to a process for performing a aqueous synthesis of titanium phosphates (TiP) having solely —H2PO4 groups, which process is characterised by the following steps: providing titanium (IV) oxysulphate, TiOSO4, in an aqueous solution or in a powder and H2SO4, substantially without transition divalent metal ions, including cobalt (II) and copper (II), heating of the thus formed aqueous solution to above 50° C., but below 85° C. for at least 30 minutes, providing a controlled amount of H3PO4 to said aqueous solution, to form an aqueous solution containing a molar ratio between TIO2 and P2Os being controlled to about 1:1, not above 1:1.5 and not below 1:0.7, stirring the thus formed aqueous solution for at least 3 hours to form precipitates of titanium phosphate, and allowing ageing of said solution, without stirring, acidic washing of the formed precipitate using HCI or other acids to obtain TiO(OH)(H2PO4)-H2O having solely —H2PO4 ion-exchange chemical groups and allowing said precipitates to dry to a powder product, substituting protons in the powder product TiO(OH)(H2PO4)-H2O to sodium cations by treatment of the latter with solutions of sodium carbonate and allowing the thus formed powder of Na—TiP1 to dry.

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO.sub.4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H.sub.2VOPO.sub.4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for quantifying polyphosphates. In particular, provided herein are solution and substrate based assays for quantifying polyphosphates in complex samples.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for quantifying polyphosphates. In particular, provided herein are solution and substrate based assays for quantifying polyphosphates in complex samples.

A method for manufacturing metal phosphate hydrate nanoparticles wherein metal reactants are selected from metal precursors of transition metals,phosphate precursors are selected from: Trisodium phosphate Na.sub.3PO.sub.4, disodium phosphate Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, phosphoric acid H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and hypophosphoric acid H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.6, wherein said method comprises the following step of a reaction medium comprising at least a metal reactant, a phosphate precursor and a solvent, is submitted to a solvothermal treatment at a pressure superior to 50 MPa, and at a temperature of from 100 to 350° C.

A method for manufacturing metal phosphate hydrate nanoparticles wherein metal reactants are selected from metal precursors of transition metals,phosphate precursors are selected from: Trisodium phosphate Na.sub.3PO.sub.4, disodium phosphate Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, phosphoric acid H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and hypophosphoric acid H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.6, wherein said method comprises the following step of a reaction medium comprising at least a metal reactant, a phosphate precursor and a solvent, is submitted to a solvothermal treatment at a pressure superior to 50 MPa, and at a temperature of from 100 to 350° C.

An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of A.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.1.702Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3 and Na.sub.0.872Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

The present invention relates to a process for forming or obtaining vivianite in or from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge, to an apparatus for obtaining vivianite from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge, and to the use of a composition comprising at least one alkaline earth metal peroxide and a magnetic separating apparatus for obtaining vivianite from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge.