The disclosure describes a system for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrocarbon through pyrolysis with reduced soot formation and increased carbon loading. The system includes one or more pyrolysis reactors configured to generate the hydrogen gas from the hydrocarbon through pyrolysis. Each pyrolysis reactor of the one or more pyrolysis reactors includes one or more fibrous substrates and a concentration sensor downstream of at least one fibrous substrate of the one or more fibrous substrates. Each fibrous substrate of the one or more fibrous substrates defines a deposition surface for carbon generated from the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon and includes a plurality of fibers configured to maintain chemical and structural stability between 850° C. and 1300° C. The concentration sensor is configured to measure a concentration of at least one of a hydrocarbon byproduct or a hydrocarbon soot precursor, such as acetylene.

A method of carbon dioxide hydrogenation comprises introducing gaseous water to a positive electrode of an electrolysis cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprises an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10-2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 650° C. Carbon dioxide is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrolysis cell. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrolysis cell to generate hydrogen ions from the gaseous water that diffuses through the proton-conducting membrane and hydrogenates the carbon dioxide at the negative electrode. A carbon dioxide hydrogenation system is also described.

The disclosure describes a system for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrocarbon through pyrolysis with reduced soot formation and increased carbon loading. The system includes one or more pyrolysis reactors configured to generate the hydrogen gas from the hydrocarbon through pyrolysis. Each pyrolysis reactor of the one or more pyrolysis reactors includes one or more fibrous substrates and a concentration sensor downstream of at least one fibrous substrate of the one or more fibrous substrates. Each fibrous substrate of the one or more fibrous substrates defines a deposition surface for carbon generated from the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon and includes a plurality of fibers configured to maintain chemical and structural stability between 850° C. and 1300° C. The concentration sensor is configured to measure a concentration of at least one of a hydrocarbon byproduct or a hydrocarbon soot precursor, such as acetylene.

The invention relates to integrated methods for direct capture of carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere and their conversion into value-added products in an economical and carbon negative fashion. In one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the water captured in a DAC process is treated, bottled, and sold as value-added drinking water, thereby offsetting the cost of the capture process. Preferably the drinking water is bottled in low carbon footprint packaging to offer cost benefit while maintaining overall carbon neutrality or negativity. In other embodiments of the invention, a portion of the captured water is split by photovoltaic electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen as further value-added products. In other embodiments of the present invention, a portion of the captured carbon dioxide is chemically reduced, preferably utilizing hydrogen from the aforementioned photovoltaic-electrolysis process, to produce methanol for use as a carbon-advantaged fuel.

A hydrogen mixed gas generation apparatus includes a superheated vapor heating part that heats a raw water to generate a superheated vapor and further heats the superheated vapor to produce a mixed gas that includes a hydrogen gas, and a communication part that is communicable with a predetermined terminal device and transmits information to the terminal device. The superheated vapor heating part houses a reduction acceleration member and includes a heating pipe where the raw water flows therein, and a coil heater that is wound around the heating pipe. The reduction acceleration member includes a first metal member that is formed of a stainless steel and includes a cylindrical part where rod bodies respectively extend from both ends thereof and a second metal member that is formed of an iron and steel material and is housed in the cylindrical part in a state where a plurality thereof are bundled.

A process for isolating .sup.17O from water and a process for concentrating .sup.17O by using the same are provided. The process for isolating .sup.17O from water includes: mixing .sup.17O-containing water with formaldehyde to prepare an aqueous formaldehyde solution; heating the aqueous formaldehyde solution to generate a vapor mixture containing water vapor and formaldehyde vapor; and obtaining .sup.17O-depleted water, residual formaldehyde, and a gas mixture containing hydrogen and .sup.17O-enriched carbon monoxide, through photodissociating the vapor mixture. An .sup.17O-enriched water production process includes: an operation of adding hydrogen to the gas mixture to induce a catalytic methanation reaction to synthesize methane (CH.sub.4) and .sup.17O-enriched water (H.sub.2.sup.17O) through methanation, the operation being carried out following the process for isolating .sup.17O from water.

This application discloses a silicon carbide (SiC)-loaded graphene photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation and a preparation method thereof. Pure SiC and pure black carbon are respectively prepared and mixed to obtain a mixture with a resistance less than 100Ω. Then the mixture was vacuumized and processed with a current pulse with an increasing voltage until a breakdown occurs, and subjected to ultrasonic stirring, centrifugal washing and vacuum drying in turn to obtain the SiC-loaded graphene photocatalyst. By means of the current pulse, a heterojunction is formed between SiC and graphene to improve the catalytic activity of the photocatalyst; and the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of SiC nanoparticles can be enhanced after loaded on the graphene.

A process and a device are described for producing high purity and high temperature steam from non-pure water which may be used in a variety of industrial processes that involve high temperature heat applications. The process and device may be used with technologies that generate steam using a variety of heat sources, such as, for example industrial furnaces, petrochemical plants, and emissions from incinerators. Of particular interest is the application in a thermochemical hydrogen production cycle such as the Cu—Cl Cycle. Non-pure water is used as the feedstock in the thermochemical hydrogen production cycle, with no need to adopt additional and conventional water pre-treatment and purification processes. The non-pure water may be selected from brackish water, saline water, seawater, used water, effluent treated water, tailings water, and other forms of water that is generally believed to be unusable as a direct feedstock of industrial processes. The direct usage of this water can significantly reduce water supply costs.

The invention relates to a method for producing syngas by means of solar radiation, in which the reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided in the same for solar radiation by means of the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas, wherein the sunlight is guided through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as a reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material, and wherein a gas that absorbs the black-body radiation of the absorber is guided through the absorption chamber and the absorption chamber is configured so that the back radiation of the absorber through the aperture is essentially absorbed by the gas. Radiation losses caused by back radiation of the black-body radiation exiting the optical aperture are thus avoided in accordance with the invention. The heat of the back radiation, however, can be utilized directly in the heat-transporting fluid and is available for a flexible usage. The receiver-reactor has a simple design and is suitable as a low-cost receiver-reactor.

A magnetic field thermal generator has one or more heat elements comprised of rotating pipes placed so they travel across the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field chamber, with said magnetic field being generated by either permanent magnets or electromagnets. The relative motion of the heat element to the magnetic flux from the magnetic field magnets results in heat generation, as well as in the generation of Oxyhydrogen (HHO). An optional hydrogen separator may be used to separate the HHO into the Hydrogen and Oxygen components.