The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream.

In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream.

The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

The present invention relates to: oxygen carrier particles having a metal oxide-perovskite core-shell structure; and a chemical-looping thermochemical water/carbon dioxide splitting process using the same. By using the oxygen carrier particles having a metal oxide-perovskite core-shell structure in the chemical-looping thermochemical water/carbon dioxide splitting process, it is possible to produce hydrogen/carbon monoxide from water/carbon dioxide in high yield by efficiently overcoming the disadvantages of conventionally used oxygen carrier particles.

Disclosed is a thermochemical reactor system and method for a temperature swing cyclic process with integrated heat recovery having at least two modules, wherein each module includes at least one chemical reaction zone and at least one thermal energy storage unit. The at least two modules are operationally connected for at least one heat transfer fluid for transporting heat between the two modules. Each chemical reaction zone includes at least one reacting material that undergoes in a reversible manner an endothermic reaction at temperature T.sub.endo and an exothermic reaction at temperature T.sub.exo, wherein T.sub.endo and T.sub.exo differ from each other. The at least one reacting material is provided in at least one encapsulation within each of the chemical reaction zones such that a contact of the reacting material and the at least one heat transfer fluid is avoided.

The present disclosure is directed to the integration of direct air capture of carbon dioxide with thermochemical water splitting, the latter optionally driven by solar energy. The disclosure is also directed to a process comprising extracting carbon dioxide from an air stream by contacting the air-stream with an alkali metal ion-transition metal oxide of empirical formula A.sub.xMO.sub.2 (0.1<x≤1), where A represents the alkali metal ion comprising sodium ion, potassium ion, or a combination thereof and M comprises iron, manganese, or a combination thereof to form a transition metal composition comprising an oxidized ion extracted-transition metal oxide.

Disclosed is the synthesis of novel supported metal catalytic materials for electromagnetic radiation absorption and chemical catalysis especially in the presence of plasma used in the conversion of nitrogen from air and hydrogen from water to useful products such as nitric acid, hydrogen, ammonia and fertilizers. These materials can also generate plasma when subjected to microwave irradiation thus form the basis of catalytic plasma reactors. They can be used in chemical looping reactions because plasma generation under microwave irradiation in air results in the reduction of catalyst oxides and oxidation of nitrogen.

A light absorbing member includes a ceramic composite having a plurality of first ceramic particles exhibiting positive resistance temperature characteristics in a first ceramics having an open porosity of 5% or lower.

A thermochemical labyrinth reactor is disclosed. The reactor has a reoxidation zone and a reduction zone with electric heaters. A recuperation zone connects the reduction and reoxidation zones with first and second channels, the first channel adjoining the second channel, being separated by windows allowing an exchange of thermal radiation between channels while preventing gas exchange. The reactor also includes reactor plates composed of a reactive material, and a transit system running through the three zones, with the transit system configured to shuttle the plates between the reduction zone and the reoxidation zone, moving the plates along a circuit. The reactor also has a feedstock gas emitter to introduce a feedstock gas flowing opposite the movement of the plates. A gas extractor is configured to extract a product gas resulting from the feedstock gas being split by the oxidizing reactive material. All three zones are surrounded by an insulating housing.

The present invention relates to energy storage systems and reactors useful in such systems. Inventive reactors comprise a reaction vessel defining an inner volume and a compensation element, whereby said inner volume is filled with a fixed bed that is essentially free of cavities and that comprises particles of formula (I), FeOx (I), where 0≤x≤1.5; said compensation element is adapted to adjust said inner volume. The reactors are inherently explosion—proof and thus suited for large scale use. The systems are useful for compensating long-term fluctuations observed in production of renewable energy.

A metal-oxide perovskite material having a general formula Ca.sub.1-xCe.sub.xTi.sub.yMn.sub.1-yO.sub.3, where x is in a range of about 0.3 to about 0.35 and y is in a range of about 0.25 to about 0.35. Producing hydrogen and oxygen includes heating the metal-oxide perovskite material; reducing the metal-oxide perovskite material to yield a reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; cooling the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; and contacting the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material with a re-oxidizing fluid including steam to yield hydrogen and a re-oxidized metal-oxide perovskite material. Producing carbon monoxide and oxygen includes heating the metal-oxide perovskite material; reducing the metal-oxide perovskite material to yield a reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; cooling the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material, and contacting the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material with a re-oxidizing fluid including carbon dioxide to yield carbon monoxide and a re-oxidized metal-oxide perovskite material.

This disclosure relates to systems and processes for reducing CO.sub.2 emissions produced by the regenerator reactor of the fluid catalytic cracking process.