Provided is an electrode mixture containing a lithium-containing transition metal oxide; a conductive additive; a binder; and an organic solvent, wherein the conductive additive comprises at least one nanocarbon material selected from the group consisting of a multilayer carbon nanotube, a carbon nanohorn, a carbon nanofiber, a fullerene, and a graphene, the binder comprises a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising vinylidene fluoride unit and a fluorinated monomer unit, provided that vinylidene fluoride unit is excluded from the fluorinated monomer unit, and a content of vinylidene fluoride unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is more than 50 mol % and 99 mol % or less with respect to all monomer units.

High-surface area carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. Additionally, such high-surface area carbon nanotubes may have greater lengths and diameters, creating useful mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

Provided herein are wafers that can be used to align carbon nanotubes, as well as methods of making and using the same. Such wafers include alignment areas that have four sides and a surface charge, where the alignment areas are surrounded by areas that have a surface charge of a different polarity. Methods of the disclosure may include depositing and selectively etching a number of hardmasks on a substrate. The described methods may also include depositing a carbon nanotube on such a wafer.

A production method of a long member including a large number of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (1) drawing the carbon nanotubes gradually from a first array to obtain a first web 10a; (2) bringing the first web 10a partially into contact with a first holder 12a to hold the first web 10a on the first holder 12a; (3) drawing the carbon nanotubes gradually from a second array to obtain a second web 10b; (4) bringing the second web 10b partially into contact with a second holder 12b to hold the second web 10b on the second holder 12b; and (5) placing a portion of the first web 10a and a portion of the second web 10b on each other to form a joint, the portions of the first and second webs 10a and 10b being in the vicinity of the first and second holders 12a and 12b, respectively, and being placed on each other such that width directions of the first and second webs 10a and 10b are substantially the same.

A production method of a long member including a large number of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (1) drawing the carbon nanotubes gradually from a first array to obtain a first web 10a; (2) bringing the first web 10a partially into contact with a first holder 12a to hold the first web 10a on the first holder 12a; (3) drawing the carbon nanotubes gradually from a second array to obtain a second web 10b; (4) bringing the second web 10b partially into contact with a second holder 12b to hold the second web 10b on the second holder 12b; and (5) placing a portion of the first web 10a and a portion of the second web 10b on each other to form a joint, the portions of the first and second webs 10a and 10b being in the vicinity of the first and second holders 12a and 12b, respectively, and being placed on each other such that width directions of the first and second webs 10a and 10b are substantially the same.

A composition and method for fabricating graphitic nanocomposites in solid state matrices is presented. The process for fabricating graphitic nanocomposites in solid state matrices may include selecting one or a mixture of specific graphitic nanomaterials. The graphitic nanomaterial(s) may be functionalizing with a moiety similar to the building blocks of the solid state matrices. The functionalized graphitic nanomaterials are mixed with the building blocks of the solid state matrices. The mixture may be cured, which causes in situ formation of the sol-gel solid state matrices that entraps and/or covalently links with the graphitic nanomaterials during the network growing process. This process allows the nanomaterials to be introduced into the matrices homogeneously without forming large aggregations.

A composition and method for fabricating graphitic nanocomposites in solid state matrices is presented. The process for fabricating graphitic nanocomposites in solid state matrices may include selecting one or a mixture of specific graphitic nanomaterials. The graphitic nanomaterial(s) may be functionalizing with a moiety similar to the building blocks of the solid state matrices. The functionalized graphitic nanomaterials are mixed with the building blocks of the solid state matrices. The mixture may be cured, which causes in situ formation of the sol-gel solid state matrices that entraps and/or covalently links with the graphitic nanomaterials during the network growing process. This process allows the nanomaterials to be introduced into the matrices homogeneously without forming large aggregations.

A method for applying a heating system on a surface includes providing an imprint form including a basic form and an arm, tampon printing a plurality of heating elements on the surface with the imprint form such that each heating element has the basic form of the imprint form and is produced with a guide arm by the arm of the respective imprint form, where two adjacent heating elements are connected by the guide arm, and the heating elements are made from a conductive substrate including conductive particles, and connecting the heating elements to at least one heating conductor or heating segment.