Disclosed herein are nanoporous membranes for separating a target substance from a non-target substance in a fluid medium and methods of making and use thereof. The nanoporous membranes comprise a 2D material permeated by a first and second population of pores; wherein the average pore diameter of the first population of pores is greater than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; wherein the average pore diameter of the second population of pores is greater than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; and wherein substantially all of the second population of pores are substantially blocked by a polymer via size-selective interfacial polymerization; such that the nanoporous membrane allows for transport of the target substance through the nanoporous membrane via the first population of pores.

Disclosed herein are nanoporous membranes for separating a target substance from a non-target substance in a fluid medium and methods of making and use thereof. The nanoporous membranes comprise a 2D material permeated by a first and second population of pores; wherein the average pore diameter of the first population of pores is greater than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; wherein the average pore diameter of the second population of pores is greater than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; and wherein substantially all of the second population of pores are substantially blocked by a polymer via size-selective interfacial polymerization; such that the nanoporous membrane allows for transport of the target substance through the nanoporous membrane via the first population of pores.

A method for manufacturing graphene-based materials includes (a) positioning graphite into an inner chamber of a rotatable housing of a rod mill. A plurality of elongate rigid rods are loosely positioned in the housing. In addition, the method includes (b) rotating the housing of the rod-mill after (a). Further, the method includes (c) rod milling the graphite with the rods during (b) to produce a first portion of the graphene-based materials and milled graphite. The first portion of the graphene-based materials include 30 layers or less of graphene and the milled graphite comprises more than 30 layers of graphene.

A method for manufacturing graphene-based materials includes (a) positioning graphite into an inner chamber of a rotatable housing of a rod mill. A plurality of elongate rigid rods are loosely positioned in the housing. In addition, the method includes (b) rotating the housing of the rod-mill after (a). Further, the method includes (c) rod milling the graphite with the rods during (b) to produce a first portion of the graphene-based materials and milled graphite. The first portion of the graphene-based materials include 30 layers or less of graphene and the milled graphite comprises more than 30 layers of graphene.

The invention concerns a method of forming a graphene device, the method comprising: forming a graphene film (100) over a substrate; depositing, by gas phase deposition, a polymer material covering a surface of the graphene film (100); and removing the substrate from the graphene film (100), wherein the polymer material forms a support (102) for the graphene film (100).

The invention concerns a method of forming a graphene device, the method comprising: forming a graphene film (100) over a substrate; depositing, by gas phase deposition, a polymer material covering a surface of the graphene film (100); and removing the substrate from the graphene film (100), wherein the polymer material forms a support (102) for the graphene film (100).

A method of preparing functionalised graphene is disclosed. The method includes the step of functionalising graphene with a chemical linker when the graphene is in a substantially dry condition.

A method of preparing functionalised graphene is disclosed. The method includes the step of functionalising graphene with a chemical linker when the graphene is in a substantially dry condition.

A secondary battery with favorable cycle performance is provided. Alternatively, a secondary battery with higher capacity is provided. A positive electrode active material layer including a first graphene layer, a second graphene layer, and a positive electrode active material. The first graphene layer includes a first region covering the positive electrode active material. The second graphene layer includes a second region covering the positive electrode active material and a third region overlapping with the first region. The first region includes a plane positioned between the positive electrode active material and the third region and formed of arranged six-membered carbon rings. The positive electrode active material includes a fourth region with a layered rock-salt structure. A lithium layer with a layered rock-salt structure included in the fourth region is substantially perpendicular to the plane formed of six-membered carbon rings and included in the second region.

Provided is an electrode mixture containing a lithium-containing transition metal oxide; a conductive additive; a binder; and an organic solvent, wherein the conductive additive comprises at least one nanocarbon material selected from the group consisting of a multilayer carbon nanotube, a carbon nanohorn, a carbon nanofiber, a fullerene, and a graphene, the binder comprises a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising vinylidene fluoride unit and a fluorinated monomer unit, provided that vinylidene fluoride unit is excluded from the fluorinated monomer unit, and a content of vinylidene fluoride unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is more than 50 mol % and 99 mol % or less with respect to all monomer units.