An iron-carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The iron-carbon composite material includes a three-layer core-shell structure, which successively includes a porous graphite carbon outer layer, an iron carbide intermediate layer and a nano zero-valent iron core from outside to inside. The present invention wraps nano zero-valent iron in porous graphite carbon and iron carbide, which can prevent the oxidation of nano zero-valent iron, while iron carbide effectively improves the ability to fix arsenic, realizing high efficiency and long-term use of nano zero-valent iron. Iron carbide may effectively adsorb and fix arsenic, and especially efficiently oxidize As(III) to relatively low-toxic As(V).

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

A carbon-polymer complex is provided and includes a porous carbon material and a binder, wherein the porous carbon material includes a material obtained from carbonization of a raw material including rice husk, the raw material having a silicon content of at least 5 wt %, the raw material is heat treated before carbonization, and the raw material is treated by an alkali treatment after carbonization to reduce the silicon content, the porous carbon material having a specific surface area of at least 10 m.sup.2/g as measured by the nitrogen BET method, a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm.sup.3/g as measured by the BJH method and MP method, and an R value of 1.5 or greater, wherein the porous carbon material includes mesopores having pore sizes from 2 nm to 50 nm and obtained from the alkali treatment of the raw material after carbonization, the porous carbon material further includes macropores and micropores.

An installation for the production of oil, gas and char for carbon black, from elastomers, characterized in that, it has a screw dispenser (3) with a shaft (1), which from the loading side is closed hydraulically with a lock (2) by a nitrogen, a reactor (4), which is divided into zones A, B, C, corresponding to the subsequent stages of the pyrolysis process: zone A—the beginning of depolymerization (350° C.), zone B—carbonization (350-400° C.) and zone C—aromatic compounds cracking (400-650° C.), while a bubbler (5) hydraulically closed with a siphon (6) and a separator (7) with a hydraulic closure (8) and an oil separator (9) equipped with a transport screw (10) and an afterburner chamber (20) are installed outside the reactor (4), wherein the oil separator (9) is closed at the outlet by an accumulation shaft (12) and from the side of receiving a solid product—with a shaft (13), which is connected by an U-shaped screw conveyor (14) with economizers (11) and (15). wherein the installation is provided with a scrubber (16).

An installation for the production of oil, gas and char for carbon black, from elastomers, characterized in that, it has a screw dispenser (3) with a shaft (1), which from the loading side is closed hydraulically with a lock (2) by a nitrogen, a reactor (4), which is divided into zones A, B, C, corresponding to the subsequent stages of the pyrolysis process: zone A—the beginning of depolymerization (350° C.), zone B—carbonization (350-400° C.) and zone C—aromatic compounds cracking (400-650° C.), while a bubbler (5) hydraulically closed with a siphon (6) and a separator (7) with a hydraulic closure (8) and an oil separator (9) equipped with a transport screw (10) and an afterburner chamber (20) are installed outside the reactor (4), wherein the oil separator (9) is closed at the outlet by an accumulation shaft (12) and from the side of receiving a solid product—with a shaft (13), which is connected by an U-shaped screw conveyor (14) with economizers (11) and (15). wherein the installation is provided with a scrubber (16).

A porous carbon material, wherein a half width (2θ) of a diffraction peak (10×) (38° to 49°) by X-ray diffraction is 4.2° or less, and wherein a ratio (mesopore volume/micropore volume) of a mesopore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a BJH method to a micropore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a HK method is 1.20 or more.

A porous carbon material, wherein a half width (2θ) of a diffraction peak (10×) (38° to 49°) by X-ray diffraction is 4.2° or less, and wherein a ratio (mesopore volume/micropore volume) of a mesopore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a BJH method to a micropore volume (cm.sup.3/g) measured by a HK method is 1.20 or more.

A polymer/activated carbon composite made up of a branched polyethylenimine and magnetic cores involving Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 disposed activated carbon. The magnetic cores have activated carbonyl groups on the surface. A process for removing organic dyes, such as methyl red, as well as heavy metal ions from a polluted aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater utilizing the composite is introduced. A method of synthesizing the polymer/activated carbon composites is also specified.

This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.