A class of compositions that are inclusive of a lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride compound having a general formula: LiTM[n]OF where TM[n] represents a number of transition metal species inclusive of transitional metal species differentiated by charge or d.sup.0 electron shell conformation, with [n] being at least 4 of said transitional metal species, and wherein said lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride has a cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) structure and a mitigated SRO via a high entropy DRX design strategy. Also featured is a method of synthesizing the high entropy DRX lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride compounds, as well as usage of the same in Li-ion batteries, with particular utility in cathodes of such Li-ion batteries.

Transition-metal doped Li-rich anti-perovskite cathode compositions are provided herein. The Li-rich anti-perovskite cathode compositions have a chemical formula of Li.sub.(3-δ)M5/.sub.mBA, wherein 0<δ<3m/(m+1) and δ=3m/(m+1) is the maximum value for the transition metals doping, a chemical formula of Li.sub.4-δMs.sub.δ/mPC.sub.4A, wherein 0<δ≦4m/(m+1) and δ=4m/(m+1) is the maximum value for the transition metals doping, or a combination thereof, wherein M is a transition metal, B is a divalent anion, and A is a monovalent anion. Also provided herein, are methods of making the Li-rich anti-perovskite cathode compositions, and uses of the Li-rich anti-perovskite cathode compositions.

A cold storage material, which has a large specific heat and a small magnetization in an extremely low temperature region and has satisfactory manufacturability, is provided, and a method for manufacturing the same is provided. Further, a refrigerator having high efficiency and excellent cooling performance is provided by filling this refrigerator with the above-described cold storage material. Moreover, a device incorporating a superconducting coil capable of reducing influence of magnetic noise derived from a cold storage material is provided. The cold storage material of embodiments is a granular body composed of an intermetallic compound in which the ThCr.sub.2Si.sub.2-type structure 11 occupies 80% by volume or more, and has a crystallite size of 70 nm or less.

The present invention provides the compound LiMn.sub.2--x-yNa.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.4/Na.sub.1-zMnLi.sub.zM.sub.tO.sub.2/Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, to be used as a positive electrode for rechargeable lithium ion battery, where M is a metal or metalloid, 0.0≤x≤0.5; 0.0≤y≤0.5; 0.1≤z≤0.5; 0.0≤t≤0.3; as well as the method for producing it. The synthesis process includes disolving or mixing the precursor metals and then calcining them in air or controlled atmosphere in a temperature range between 250° C. and 1000° C., and for a time range of 0.5 h to 72 h to obtain the composite proposed with the interaction of its three present phases, presenting a high retention capacity during repeated loading/unloading cycles and excellent discharge capacity both at room temperature and up to 55° C.

Provided are: composite particles having excellent oxidation resistance; and a method for producing composite particles. The composite particles are obtained by forming a composite of TiN and at least one of Al, Cr, and Nb. In the method for producing composite particles, a titanium powder and a powder of at least one of Al, Cr, and Nb are used as raw material powders and composite particles are produced using a gas phase method.

Methods of forming spinel ferrite nanoparticles containing a chromium-substituted copper ferrite as well as properties (e.g. particle size, crystallite size, pore size, surface area) of these spinel ferrite nanoparticles are described. Methods of preventing or reducing microbe growth on a surface by applying these spinel ferrite nanoparticles onto the surface in the form of a suspension or an antimicrobial product are also described.

Methods of forming spinel ferrite nanoparticles containing a chromium-substituted copper ferrite as well as properties (e.g. particle size, crystallite size, pore size, surface area) of these spinel ferrite nanoparticles are described. Methods of preventing or reducing microbe growth on a surface by applying these spinel ferrite nanoparticles onto the surface in the form of a suspension or an antimicrobial product are also described.

Medical tubing can have a chromic material such that the medical tubing is configured to transition from a first state of color to a different, second state of color by application of a stimulus to the medical tubing.

The invention relates to active electrode materials and to methods for the manufacture of active electrode materials. Such materials are of interest as active electrode materials in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The invention provides an active electrode material expressed by the general formula M1.sub.aM2.sub.2-aM3.sub.bNb.sub.34-bO.sub.87-c-dQ.sub.d.

A cutting implement including a metal substrate and a coating is provided. The coating has zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO), which provides protection against corrosion of the metal substrate. In some instances, the zirconium PVD provides protection from corrosion for at least 200 hours. A layer of titanium nitride (TiN) can be added to the coating to increase the hardness of the metal substrate. In such an embodiment, the layer of titanium nitride (TiN) is applied before the zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO). Titanium nitride (TiN) coated steel is 3 to 5 times harder than uncoated steel. Thus, a combination of titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium PVD (ZrCRTiNO) as a coating on a metal substrate can increase the life of the metal substrate by providing increased hardness and anti-corrosive properties.