A class of compositions that are inclusive of a lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride compound having a general formula: LiTM[n]OF where TM[n] represents a number of transition metal species inclusive of transitional metal species differentiated by charge or d.sup.0 electron shell conformation, with [n] being at least 4 of said transitional metal species, and wherein said lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride has a cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) structure and a mitigated SRO via a high entropy DRX design strategy. Also featured is a method of synthesizing the high entropy DRX lithium metal oxide or oxyfluoride compounds, as well as usage of the same in Li-ion batteries, with particular utility in cathodes of such Li-ion batteries.

A method of producing ceria nanocrystals is provided. The method includes providing a gas that includes ozone to a solution that includes a cerium salt, and obtaining ceria nanocrystals from the solution after the gas is provided to the first solution. A method of producing nanoparticles is provided. The method includes providing a gas that includes ozone to a solution that includes a metal salt that includes at least one of a transition metal or a lanthanide, and producing at least one of metal oxide nanoparticles, metal oxynitrate nanoparticles, or metal oxyhydroxide nanoparticles from the solution after the gas is provided to the solution.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a vanadium-carbon phosphate composite material, a vanadium-carbon phosphate composite material obtained according to the process, and to the uses of the composite material, especially as a precursor for the synthesis of electrochemically-active materials, electrode or active anode material.

The present disclosure relates to a novel sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid crystalline boron nitride and its preparation process. A novel sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid crystalline boron nitride allotrope, named Gradia BN, is synthesized using sp.sup.2 or sp.sup.3 hybridized boron nitride as raw materials under high-temperature and high-pressure. The basic structural units of Gradia BN are composed of sp.sup.2 hybridized graphite-like structural units and sp.sup.3 hybridized diamond-like structural units. Gradia BN disclosed in the present disclosure is a class of new sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybrid boron nitride allotrope, whose crystal structure can vary with the widths and/or crystallographic orientation relationships of internal sp.sup.2 and/or sp.sup.3 structural units, and may have variable physical properties.

A method of fabricating polyacrylonitrile (PACN) nanostructured carbon superstructure shapes is provided that includes forming a PACN polymer superstructure shape by using as a monomer, an initiator, and a solvent or incorporation of a different co-monomer for free radical polymerization, and converting the PACN polymer superstructure shape to a nanostructured carbon superstructure analogue using stabilization and carbonization of the PACN polymer superstructure shape, where the stabilization includes heating the PACN polymer superstructure shape to a temperature that is adequate to form a stabilization reaction, where the carbonization includes using a heat treatment.

Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Ca(OH).sub.2NPs) synthesized using carob pulp extract may be hexagonal nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from about 31.22 nm to about 81.22 nm. The Ca(OH).sub.2NPs may be synthesized by heating ethylene glycol, adding calcium hydroxide to the ethylene glycol to provide a first mixture, heating the first mixture, adding a carob pulp aqueous extract to the first mixture to form a second mixture, heating the second mixture, adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the second mixture to form a third mixture, heating the third mixture, resting the third mixture at room temperature after heating, centrifuging the third mixture, collecting a colloid sediment, extracting any unwanted contaminants from the colloid sediment, and drying the colloid sediment to obtain Ca(OH).sub.2NPs.

Proposed are a layered Group III-V compound having ferroelectric properties, a Group III-V compound nanosheet that may be prepared using the same, and an electrical device including the materials. Proposed is a layered compound represented by [Formula 1] M.sub.x−mA.sub.yB.sub.z (M is at least one of Group I or Group II elements, A is at least one of Group III elements, B is at least one of Group V elements, x, y, and z are positive numbers which are determined according to stoichiometric ratios to ensure charge balance when m is 0, and 0<m<x), and having ferroelectric-like properties.

The present disclosure relates to a solid electrolyte containing a halide-based nanocomposite, a method for preparing the same and an all-solid-state battery including the solid electrolyte. Halide-based nanocomposites were prepared by the mechanochemical reaction of a lithium oxide precursor, a lithium halide precursor, and a metal halide in order to improve the low ion conductivity and large interfacial resistance of the existing halide-based solid electrolyte. Furthermore, it is possible to provide superior atmospheric stability, improve ion conductivity through activation of interfacial conduction and, at the same time, significantly improve the interfacial stability with a sulfide-based solid electrolyte and high-voltage cycle stability.

Provided are a 2-dimensional microporous graphene and a method for preparing the same. The 2-dimensional microporous graphene has an average pore size of about 0.1 nm to about 2 nm, interpore spacing of about 0.3 nm to about 10 nm, and a standard deviation of the interpore spacing of less than or equal to about 5 nm.