Techniques and systems for neutralizing discharge waters from ballast and/or cooling water biocidal treatment and disinfection systems are provided. The systems utilize, inter alia, oxidation reduction potential control to regulate the dechlorination of an electrocatalytically generated biocidal agent to allowable discharge levels in ship buoyancy systems and ship cooling water systems.

A water purification electrolytic generator apparatus provides clean drinking water to users. An electrolyte is added to water/other liquid exposed to the electrolytic generator apparatus in order to create an environment suitable for the apparatus to function . Residing in a housing of the apparatus is an enclosed first electrode (cathode) printed on a printed circuit board, a second electrode (anode), and a membrane separating the cathode and anode/printed circuit board. A control circuit including the printed circuit board electrically connects the anode and cathode to a power source, which is located external to the interior of the container. The incorporation of the printed circuit board reduces costs and improves portability so that the water purification system can provide drinkable water to users in different circumstances. A system including the apparatus may further include a container housing the electrolytic generator apparatus, a lid, and a stand. A filter is positioned in the container to filter water poured into the container.

A water purification system provides clean water for the consumption by livestock by using a continuously recirculating water loop. Optionally, a circulating pump moves the water within the water loop in a flow direction. A water supply inlet is fluidically connected to the water loop to provide additional water. A particle filter system (or systems) is fluidically connected in series and removes dissolved solids or particulates within the water. An ozone purification system and/or with the addition of other antimicrobial or purification agents is fluidically connected in parallel to a portion of the continuously recirculating feedback monitored and control water loop. The ozone purification system is disposed downstream of the particle filter system and RO (or similar) system in relation to the flow direction. A feeding station is connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop disposed downstream of the ozone purification system in relation to the flow direction.

A method for mitigating microbe buildup within a potable water supply system including: cleaning of the water supply system; acquiring data including at least water conditions at multiple points within the potable water supply system; a control system adjusting local water conditions within the potable water supply system; a bacteria monitor assessing water within the potable water system to determine at least levels of bacteria within the potable water system; and applying an antimicrobial condition to water within the potable water system.

A device (10) for trapping and killing marine organisms (14) such as animal plankton, salmon lice and other parasites, comprises a body (12; 12′) configured for submersion in water (15). The body (12; 12′) comprises at least one light source (16) configured and controlled for attracting said marine organisms, and an internal cavity (20) having an opening (20′) for fluid communication with at least a portion of the water. The light sources (16) are arranged inside the cavity (20) and arranged and controlled to emit light waves through said opening and into at least a portion of the water. At least one positive electrode (24; 24′; 24″; 32) is arranged in the cavity and electrically connected to a low-voltage power source (26; 27; 30), and at least one negative electrode (15a) is arranged in the water and electrically connected to said power source (26; 27; 30). The invented device generates, by means of electrolysis with the water (15), chlorine gas (21) at or in a region near the at least one positive electrode, and the chlorine gas (21) reacts with water inside the cavity to form hypochloric acid and hydrochloric acid (31).

A water purifier includes: a raw water flow path; a purified water flow path connected to the raw water flow path; at least one filter provided in the purified water flow path and to filter raw water flowing along the purified water flow path; a washing water flow path connected to the raw water flow path; a washing water generator configured to electrolyze the raw water to generate washing water; an optical sensor to output a value according to a degree of generation of bubbles included in the washing water; and a controller to control the washing water generator and at least one valve provided in at least one of the raw water flow path, the purified water flow path, and the washing water flow path to perform a washing operation, and identify whether an error has occurred in the washing operation based on an output from the optical sensor.

The present invention is directed to an electrochemical device for at least partially removing or reducing a target ionic species from an aqueous solution using faradaic immobilization, the electrochemical device including at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode with different void fraction and surface area properties, due to differences in void fraction (also referred to as void ratio) of the at least one first and the at least one second electrode, water flows through an electrode with a high porosity, while the aqueous solution does not flow through an electrode with a low porosity. The asymmetry of the electrodes provides a desired voltage distribution across the device, which equates to a different voltage at each electrode, to control the speciation of the target ionic species at the anode and the cathode.

Methods and systems for generating a highly energized fluid formula for use in tempering grains and other foodstuffs is described. The temper fluid described herein is capable of reducing pathogens and/or pesticide residues on grains and other foodstuffs. The tempering fluid may include chlorine dioxide with an oxidative carrier solution, and may further include carboxylic acids. The methods described herein may include an alkaline fluid pre-rinse prior to treatment of the grain with the energized fluid formula.

Processes for producing olefins may include electrolyzing an aqueous solution comprising metal chloride, where electrolyzing the aqueous solution causes at least a portion of the metal chloride to undergo chemical reaction to produce a treatment composition comprising hypochlorite. The processes may further include contacting at least a portion of the treatment composition with the sour water at a pH from 8 to 12, where the sour water comprises sulfides and the contacting causes reaction of the sulfides in the sour water with the hypochlorite to produce a treated aqueous mixture comprising at least metal sulfates and metal chlorides, where the metal sulfates are present in the treated aqueous mixture as precipitated solids. The processes may further include separating the precipitated solids from the treated aqueous mixture to produce a treated effluent comprising at least the metal chloride.

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to devices and methods for sterilizing objects using HOCl (hypochlorous acid). A variety of objects may be sterilized, including cups, plates, utensils, toys, medical equipment, etc., in various embodiments. In one set of embodiments, chloride ions (Cl.sup.−) in water may be reacted using an electric current to produce HOCl. In some cases, there may be sufficient Cl.sup.− in the water such that another source of CF is not required; for example, the water may be tap water containing some Cl.sup.−. In some cases, the water may be acidified to facilitate the production of HOCl, for example, by introducing CO.sub.2 into the water. The production of HOCl may occur relatively quickly, e.g., within a few minutes. This may allow devices to produce water that can be used to sterilize objects quickly and simply.