A method of fabricating a magnetically-controlled graphene-based micro-/nano-motor includes: (a) mixing FeCl.sub.3 crystal powder with deionized water to obtain a FeCl.sub.3 solution; (b) completely immersing a carbon-based microsphere in the FeCl.sub.3 solution; transferring the carbon-based microsphere from the FeCl.sub.3 solution followed by heating to allow crystallization of FeCl.sub.3 on the surface of the carbon-based microsphere to obtain a FeCl.sub.3-carbon-based microsphere; (c) heating the FeCl.sub.3-carbon-based microsphere in a vacuum chamber until there is no moisture in the vacuum chamber; continuously removing gas in the vacuum chamber and introducing oxygen; and treating the FeCl.sub.3-carbon-based microsphere with a laser in an oxygen-enriched environment to obtain the magnetically controlled graphene-based micro-/nano-motor. A magnetically-controlled graphene-based micro-/nano-motor is further provided.

Disclosed herein are a method for analyzing heavy metal removal efficiency using phase difference analysis and an apparatus using the method. The method for analyzing heavy metal removal efficiency using phase difference analysis includes applying a magnetic field to a magnetite onto which a heavy metal is adsorbed, based on a first solenoid coil and a second solenoid coil that have an identical winding direction, applying a high-frequency signal to the magnetite, based on a third solenoid coil having a winding direction that differs from that of the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil, detecting a high-frequency signal transformed by the magnetite, and calculating a phase difference between a previously detected default high-frequency signal and the transformed high-frequency signal, and analyzing an efficiency of heavy metal removal by the magnetite by measuring a concentration of the heavy metal based on the phase difference.

A recycling system includes a reaction kettle, a stirring device, and an electromagnetic device. The reaction kettle is provided with a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and a slag discharge port. The stirring device is arranged on the reaction kettle. The stirring device includes a stirring rod and at least one stirring paddle. One end of the stirring rod extends into the reaction kettle, and the at least one stirring paddle is arranged on the end of the stirring rod. The electromagnetic device includes a first electromagnetic coil, and the first electromagnetic coil is wound on an outer circumferential surface of the reaction kettle. The arrangement of the stirring device allows the geothermal water to fully contact with the gas, which is conducive for the suspension of the ferroferric oxide in the geothermal water.

This disclosure relates to red mud compositions. This disclosure also relates to methods of making red mud compositions. This disclosure additionally relates to methods of using red mud compositions.

The disclosure relates to devices and systems for configurable, contaminant-specific water filtration and treatment under pressure. In particular, the disclosure relates to a contaminant-specific configurable and modular water filter and a water filtration system maintained under positive or negative pressure, comprising modular housings, each housing defining a plurality of reconfigurable compartments operable to accommodate contaminant-specific filtering units in an order configured to minimize pressure drop along the flow direction of the water.

A water treatment system comprises a source of water including one or more contaminants, an electrocoagulation cell including a housing defining a fluid flow conduit, an anode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, and a cathode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, the housing including an inlet fluidly connectable to the source of water and an outlet, a solids/liquid separation system having an inlet fluidly connectable to the outlet of the housing of the electrocoagulation cell, a solids-rich outlet, and a solids-lean outlet, and a ballast feed system configured to deliver a ballast to the solids/liquid separation system.

Disclosed is an intelligent circulation and allocation control system for multiple surface and ground water resources, including a physical, chemical and biological multi-stage decentralized restoration system, which is respectively connected with a water quality detection and reinjection system, an integrated data processing system, an intelligent safety early warning system, and an asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system, the water quality detection and reinjection system is connected with the intelligent safety early warning system, the intelligent safety early warning system is connected with the integrated data processing system, and the integrated data processing system is further connected with the asynchronous and self-adaptive dual-regulation optimization control system. The intelligent circulation and allocation control system is based on an improved wastewater treatment process coupling physical, chemical and biological technologies and combined with an artificial intelligence technology to treat various water sources in a macroscopic water environment and optimize allocation control.

Sensor and method for detecting, monitoring and/or removing trace amounts of heavy metal in a liquid. The sensor including magnetic nanoparticle composites of carbon nanotubes intercalated with CoFe.sub.2O.sub.4; the method including contacting a sample of liquid with the magnetic nanoparticle composites and measuring the X-ray diffraction and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticle composite, where a statistical difference in the X-ray diffraction or magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticle composite before and after contact between said sample of said liquid and said magnetic nanoparticle composite indicates the presence of a heavy metal in said liquid.

A magnetic water filter assembly with a removable lighter weight lower section to permit access to the internal components of the filter assembly. The removable lower section allows the servicing and/or replacement of the internal filter as well as cleaning of the assembly. The lighter weight lower section reduces the stress placed on the surrounding plumbing components, including the piping/tubing that couples to the filter assembly.

A magnetite level monitoring device for a magnetic filter in a central heating system, the magnetic filter including a separation chamber, an inlet to the chamber and an outlet from the chamber, and a magnetic element disposed within the chamber for attracting magnetic particles and removing the magnetic particles from the system water as it flows through the chamber, and the monitoring device including: a housing for placing adjacent to the outside of the separation chamber; a magnetometer mounted to the housing; a magnetic field guide mounted to the housing, the magnetic field guide being disposed between the magnetometer and the outside of the separation chamber, when the housing is mounted to the separation chamber; and output means adapted to issue a notification when the output from the magnetometer exceeds a predetermined threshold.