The disclosure provides two integrated methods for the production of potable water from seawater or other brackish waters using chemical forced precipitation. The process is closed loop. It recycles process reactants and produces commercially valuable potable water and salts. The technology uses a computer software method of process variable control that maintains the chemical forced precipitation process salt, solvent, and water concentrations as required to optimize water production. The process fortuitously requires less energy than other water production processes and can utilize solar hot water heating or waste heat from other combustion and seawater for heating and cooling energy sources.

This invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising, (a) an ion-exchange resin (IXR) comprising microporous beads having a particle size ranging from about 200 um to about 1000 um; (b) a water soluble surfactant having a molecular weight ranging from about 7,500 to about 15,000 Da; and (c) a buffer component; wherein the pH of the aqueous composition ranges from about 5 to about 8, and a process for isolating chemical contaminants using the aqueous composition.

A method and system of removing environmental contaminants from water comprising adding a fatty chemical to form a mixture with the water in which the fatty chemical and the environmental contaminants complex to form molecular complexes. The mixture is then filtered to remove the molecular complexes from the water.

A method and system of removing environmental contaminants from water comprising adding a fatty chemical to form a mixture with the water in which the fatty chemical and the environmental contaminants complex to form molecular complexes. The mixture is then filtered to remove the molecular complexes from the water.

A compound having the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, and R.sup.10 are independently selected from (i) hydrogen atom, (ii) hydrocarbon groups (R) containing 1-30 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, (iii) —OR′ groups, (iv) —NR′.sub.2 groups, (v) —C(O)R′ groups, and (vi) halogen atoms, wherein R′ groups are independently selected from R groups and hydrogen atoms, and wherein the R group optionally includes a C(O), ether, or amino linkage; X.sup.m− is an anionic species with a magnitude of charge m, where m is an integer of at least 1; and n is a number, provided that n×m=1. Also described herein are methods for removing one or more oxyanions from a liquid source by use of the above compound or mono-pyridyl derivative thereof.

A compound having the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, and R.sup.10 are independently selected from (i) hydrogen atom, (ii) hydrocarbon groups (R) containing 1-30 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, (iii) —OR′ groups, (iv) —NR′.sub.2 groups, (v) —C(O)R′ groups, and (vi) halogen atoms, wherein R′ groups are independently selected from R groups and hydrogen atoms, and wherein the R group optionally includes a C(O), ether, or amino linkage; X.sup.m− is an anionic species with a magnitude of charge m, where m is an integer of at least 1; and n is a number, provided that n×m=1. Also described herein are methods for removing one or more oxyanions from a liquid source by use of the above compound or mono-pyridyl derivative thereof.

A real-time wastewater treatment and water quality monitoring system includes a plurality of wastewater treatment facilities configured to purify wastewater generated from semiconductor manufacturing lines, a plurality of contaminant analysis apparatuses configured to obtain and analyze a sample from effluent water discharged through discharge pipes of the wastewater treatment facilities respectively, discharge rate sensors installed in the discharge pipes respectively, and an integrated monitoring apparatus configured to receive measurement result values from the contaminant analysis apparatuses and the discharge rate sensors and monitor in real time concentration of a contaminant in an entirety of the effluent water that is purified and discharged from the wastewater generated in the semiconductor manufacturing lines.

A real-time wastewater treatment and water quality monitoring system includes a plurality of wastewater treatment facilities configured to purify wastewater generated from semiconductor manufacturing lines, a plurality of contaminant analysis apparatuses configured to obtain and analyze a sample from effluent water discharged through discharge pipes of the wastewater treatment facilities respectively, discharge rate sensors installed in the discharge pipes respectively, and an integrated monitoring apparatus configured to receive measurement result values from the contaminant analysis apparatuses and the discharge rate sensors and monitor in real time concentration of a contaminant in an entirety of the effluent water that is purified and discharged from the wastewater generated in the semiconductor manufacturing lines.

Provided are nanonets comprising a) a surfactant aggregate having an average aggregate diameter; and b) a polymer having an average particle diameter which average particle diameter is the same or smaller than the average aggregate diameter, wherein the nanonet has a diameter larger than the average particle diameter. Also provided are kits therefor and methods for sequestering non-water moieties from aqueous solutions using nanonets.

Methods of treating a water sample containing both free fluoride and fluorinated organic compounds are described. The methods are effective at removing high amounts of the free fluoride while retaining high amounts of the fluorinated organic compounds. The methods include combining the water sample with a hexaalkyldisiloxane, a strong acid and a compatibilizing solvent; reacting the free fluoride with the disiloxane; and removing the fluorinated reaction product.