Metal carbon and oxide nanocomposites prepared by a simple, low energy demanding, and high yield method are provided. The metal carbon nanocomposites can be prepared with or without a support such as silica, graphite, silicates, and zeolites. Both metal carbon and metal oxides nanocomposites are more efficient in catalytic reduction and oxidation of p-nitrophenol and azo dyes than other reported materials. They have high rate constants, number of catalytic cycles and catalytic turn over number (TON) compared to currently used materials.

A silicified modified zero-valent iron, whose surface layer is a silicon-containing oxide layer formed by silicate, which is obtained by the following method: dissolved silicate and micron iron powder are used as raw materials and mixed in proportion, and ball milling under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the silicified modified zero-valent iron. The invention also discloses the application of silicified modified zero-valent iron in repairing polluted water bodies. The invention uses green silicate as silicon source to carry out surface silicification modification of micron zero-valent iron, which has simple operation, low cost and is convenient for large-scale production. Moreover, the prepared silicified zero-valent iron has good dispersibility, high reduction activity and strong recycling performance, and can be used for the treatment of various polluted water bodies and soil.

A method of removing organic carbon and other contaminants from a water stream. The method comprises screening large solids from the stream. Pre-oxidation chemicals may then be added. A coagulant is fed into the stream. An activated carbon, preferably formed from lignite, is added by pumping a highly concentrated activated carbon slurry into the stream. The stream, including the activated carbon and coagulant, next flows into a clarifier, where the coagulant will flocculate and enmesh the activated carbon. The activated carbon adsorbs organic carbon and other contaminants, including bacteria, pharmacological agents, and hydrocarbons, as the stream flows through the clarifier. Eventually, the flocculate will agglomerate and settle out in the clarifier, where it, the enmeshed carbon, and the contaminants they contain may be removed. The stream's organic carbon content exiting the clarifier will be much reduced. Accordingly, less primary oxidizing agent will be needed to treat any remaining organic carbon.

A piezoelectric polymer used as a piezocatalyst, and methods of manufacture and use therefor. A preferred piezoelectric polymer is poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) due to its piezoelectric response and good flexibility. The polymer can be doped with a metal, metal salt, metal carbonyl, metal oxide such as ZnO, Co.sub.2O.sub.3, or TiO.sub.2, or ion such as Cr.sup.3+, Co.sup.2+, or Zn.sup.2+. The dopant can be chosen so that when the polymer is PVDF the dopant increases the amount of ?-phase PVDF and/or ?-phase PVDF relative to ?-phase PVDF, thereby increasing the piezocatalytic response of the polymer. The compound to be decomposed can be adsorbed on the surface of the piezoelectric polymer. Applications include wastewater treatment, CO.sub.2 capture and reduction, hydroformylation, water splitting, and ammonia synthesis.

A method for synthesizing a supported molecular sieve membrane by microwaves includes the steps of aging, heating and synthesizing. The aging step is to make a support in contact with a synthetic liquid at 25 C. to 70 C. for 10 hours to 24 hours; the heating step is to raise a temperature of an aged system from an aging temperature to a synthesis temperature within 1 minute to 10 minutes; and the synthesizing step is to synthesize at 80 C. to 120 C. for 2 minutes to 15 minutes. The steps of heating and synthesizing are powered by microwaves.

A method for the oxidation of ethylene to form ethylene oxide which comprises treating an aqueous stream in a cycle water treatment unit containing an anion exchange resin to reduce the content of the impurities.

The present invention relates to a method of controlling a defect structure in a chabazite (CHA) zeolite membrane, the CHA zeolite membrane having a controlled defect structure by the method and a method of separating CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, or He and water from a mixture of water and an organic solvent using the CHA zeolite membrane, and more particularly, to a method of controlling a defect structure in a CHA zeolite membrane that improves the separation performance by reducing the amount and size of defects formed in the CHA membrane structure when removing organic-structure-directing agents in the membrane through calcination at a low temperature using ozone.

The present disclosure relates to a phenyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) separation membrane, a fabrication method thereof, and a use thereof in the separation of an aromatic compound, and belongs to the technical field of separation membrane materials. A phenyl-modified PDMS separation membrane comprising a substrate layer and a selective layer is provided.

Composite structures composed of inorganic membranes or polymer membranes supported on a multilayered woven wire mesh substrate are provided. Also provided are methods of making the composite structures and methods of using the composite structures as separation membranes. The mesh substrates are composed of a stack of two or more layers of woven wire mesh, wherein the different mesh layers in the stack have different mesh sizes. The multilayered mesh structure can support a defect-free, or substantially defect-free, membrane and has sufficient mechanical strength to allow the supported membranes to be used for chemical separations.

Disclosed is a method for the treatment and resource utilization of acidic organic wastewater, comprising: (1) performing activated sludge treatment on acidic organic wastewater; and (2) performing microalgae treatment on the acidic organic wastewater treated in step (1). By means of the combination of activated sludge treatment and microalgae treatment, the present invention can significantly reduce the COD of the acidic organic wastewater. In some embodiments, the use of acclimated activated sludge or activated sludge having a specific microbial flora structure can not only improve the treatment efficiency while shortening the treatment time, but also omit a pH value adjustment step without causing sludge accumulation.