A pulsed voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electrode and a second electrode to which a gas is supplied, a plasma is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an active species is produced in the plasma. The energy necessary for plasma generation is set to a value greater than or equal to 1.8 W/cm.sup.3 and less than or equal to 8.5 W/cm.sup.3.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus comprising a primary treatment system configured to remove solids from an untreated fluid to generate a primary treated fluid. The apparatus further comprises an oxidation treatment system including an inlet configured to receive the primary treated fluid, an ozone inlet configured to receive ozone from an ozone generator, and an outlet configured to dispense secondary treated fluid. The apparatus may further comprise a controller in electrical communication with the ozone generator. The controller is programmed to regulate the flow of ozone through the oxidation treatment system such that an effective amount of ozone contacts the primary treated fluid to generate the secondary treated fluid. In some embodiments, the secondary treated fluid discharging from the oxidation treatment system has a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal level of greater than 85%.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water ozonating manifold, at least one ozone generating cell coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature. Advantageously, a water inlet, an aqueous ozone outlet, and an electrical connector of the ozone generator cartridge are simultaneously pluggable into and unpluggable from a docking station of the aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, a hand or implement washing and sanitizing device or a medical treatment device.

An aqueous ozone sanitizing device, for example, for sanitizing objects, including hands, hands and forearms, feet, other tissue, instruments, or other object sanitizing, including rinsing and clinical treatment. One embodiment of the sanitizing device includes a tank for holding a reservoir of untreated water, a pump fluidly coupled to the tank, a water treatment device fluidly coupled to the pump and for receiving and ozonating untreated water and for providing aqueous ozone, and a fluidic oscillator fluidly coupled to the water treatment device and for delivering the aqueous ozone to the object.

A three-dimensional electrode-ozone oxidation-electrocatalytic membrane coupled wastewater treatment device, including a circulating fluidized bed reactor. The circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a funnel-shaped internal, a truncated cone, a fiber ball filter, a gas-liquid distribution plate, an inner cylinder, an intermediate cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder, the intermediate cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxial. The inner cylinder is an electrocatalytic membrane assembly; the intermediate cylinder is a gas diffusion electrode; and the outer cylinder is a stainless-steel mesh. A particle electrode is filled between the intermediate cylinder and the outer cylinder, and between the intermediate cylinder and the inner cylinder. The intermediate cylinder is connected to a negative electrode. The inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are connected to a positive electrode. A wastewater treatment method using the device is also provided herein.

A wastewater treatment device has: an ozone generator which supplies ozone; a mixer which mixes ozone supplied from the ozone generator with wastewater and supplies ozone mixed wastewater; an ozone oxidation unit which progresses ozone oxidation in the ozone mixed wastewater while passing the ozone mixed wastewater therethrough and discharges wastewater in which the ozone has been consumed; a biological treatment unit which performs biological treatment on the wastewater discharged from the ozone oxidation unit using microorganisms; and an adjusting device which adjusts the amount of ozone to be mixed with the wastewater by the mixer so that ozone in an amount that inhibits the microorganisms of the biological treatment unit does not remain in the wastewater discharged from the ozone oxidation unit.

The present invention relates to a method of driving a ballast water treatment system. The ballast water treatment system includes an air compressor for compressing air, an air receiver tank for storing the compressed air, an oxygen generator for generating oxygen from the air, an oxygen receiver tank for storing the oxygen, an ozone generator for generating ozone from the oxygen, a ballast water pump for pumping ballast water, an inflow line for transferring the ballast water, an ozone injector for injecting the ozone into the inflow line, and a destructor for purging the ozone. The driving method includes a step of pressing a stop button to stop the ballast water treatment system, a step of purging ozone generated in the ozone generator, and a step of stopping each device of the ballast water treatment system.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water treatment manifold providing parallel and operably fixed water pathways through ozone generating cells coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature.

An illustrative control system for use with a replaceable ozone generator cartridge for use with an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for sanitizing objects, including hands, hands and forearms, feet, other tissue, instruments, or other object sanitizing. One embodiment of the control system calculates and transmits usage data to a memory device of the ozone generator cartridge, and also includes various sensors and drivers for controlling an aqueous ozone concentration. The control system also provides other data logging, error detection, and identity verification of the replaceable ozone generator cartridge.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water treatment manifold providing parallel and operably fixed water pathways through ozone generating cells coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature.