Described herein are solid compositions for water treatment of swimming pools and spas. The solid composition comprises, in a single solid product in the form of a tablet, puck, briquette, a capsule, powder mix or the like, a combined source of a plurality of chemical compounds such as chlorine, algaecide, clarifier and pH adjuster. In embodiments the solid composition comprises at least a combination of (i) a source of chlorine for killing bacteria and (ii) a neutralizer for ensuring a proper pH balance. In embodiments the solid composition is be formulated as a bilayer. In embodiments the solid composition is formulated as a bilayer, a first layer comprising sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and a second layer comprising trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA).

A water treatment system is provided. The system includes a container holding a reactant liquid within the container. The system further includes an electrode capsule removably retained within the container and submerged in the reactant liquid. The electrode capsule operates to generate reactant gas by operating within the reactant liquid. The system includes a cap releasably coupled to an opening of the container. The cap includes a nozzle that allows flow of reactant gas out of the container to treat an amount of water.

Disclosed herein is a liquid pod comprising a liquid composition comprising at least two of a Solvent A, a Solvent B, an Active, a Modifier, and an Adjuvant, wherein the water treatment liquid composition is disposed within a packet comprising a water-soluble polymer film.

A solid, non-phosphorus water treatment composition can be used for cooling water treatment applications. The composition can include a polycarboxylic acid, a polymeric dispersant, a soluble corrosion inhibitor, and a fluorescent tracer. The composition can define a solid that is devoid of phosphorus and has a pH effective such that, when the composition is dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 weight percent to form a solution, the solution has a pH within a range from 1 to 5.

A system for modifying pH in an aqueous environment comprises an aqueous salt solution feed stream having a first pH and an electrochemical device positioned proximate an aqueous restoration area. The electrochemical device is configured to receive the feed stream and convert the feed stream to an acid stream and a base stream having respective predetermined pH values. A first effluent stream comprises the base stream, wherein the first effluent stream has a second pH that is higher than the first pH. The first effluent stream is delivered proximate the aqueous restoration area. A second effluent stream comprises the acid stream, wherein the second effluent stream has a third pH that is lower than the second pH.

A method for processing a metallurgical waste acid, includes the following steps. First, a certain amount of a metallurgical waste acid is added into a reaction kettle. Then, the metallurgical waste acid and magnesium slag are added into the reaction kettle in a weight ratio ranging from 5:1 to 15:1 and are stirred into a mixed waste water. The reaction temperature is the room temperature. Then, a certain amount of sulfuric acid is added into the reaction kettle to control the mixed waste water within a pH range. At last, the mixed waste water is filtered.

A waste treatment includes a package with compartments. A surfactant, an oxidizing agent, and, optionally, a liquid may be disposed within the compartments. The oxidizing agent is within a compartment that does not contain the surfactant or the liquid. A bursting force may unseal a sealed end of each compartment. The liquid flushes the surfactant and the oxidizing agent out of the package into a non-contact agitating toilet. A dual compartment package made with a fluidly disintegrable material may separate the surfactant from the oxidizing agent where the liquid may not be provided. The waste treatment may be mixed with a waste deposited within the non-contact agitating toilet. The package may disintegrate in the presence of the liquid to allow the reactive components to mix. A plurality of waste treatments may be connected. A perforated barrier may separate a first waste treatment from a second waste treatment.

Purification devices and methods remove perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from PFC-contaminated water using temperature swing adsorption and desorption.

The highway sponge-type composite side ditch carbon neutralization system of the present invention includes three units, i.e., a silt pre-sedimentation channel, a filtering and oil-absorbing channel and an ecologic purification channel which are connected horizontally and successively. These three units work together to jointly complete the low-impact development functions of runoff collection, guide and drainage, purification and utilization, carbon emission is reduced by adopting various technical measures, the carbon sink effect is improved, and the full-life-cycle carbon neutralization effect from raw material production, construction to operation can be realized.

A high salinity water purification system and process, including a forward osmosis system and a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system. A concentrated brine of a zinc or iron complex combined with a salt or acid draws pure water across the FO membrane from the influent water. The diluted brine is pumped through a vessel holding an anionic adsorption media to remove the zinc or iron complex and the resultant brine is passed through the RO or nanofiltration system to obtain purified water and a concentrated brine stream. The adsorption media is regenerated by a rinse cycle using fresh water or water from the RO system, removing the zinc or iron complex adhered to the media. The resultant brine is stored and mixed with the output of the RO system.