A mixture of biomass and vitrifiable raw material for introducing into a fuel combustion furnace for the melting of a vitrifiable inorganic material, such as glass or rock or a silicate, includes an oleaginous biomass, the use of which reduces the damage to the equipment for metering and transporting the vitrifiable raw material.

A mixture of biomass and vitrifiable raw material for introducing into a fuel combustion furnace for the melting of a vitrifiable inorganic material, such as glass or rock or a silicate, includes an oleaginous biomass, the use of which reduces the damage to the equipment for metering and transporting the vitrifiable raw material.

The invention provides methods of making man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF), comprising incorporating metallic aluminium into the mineral charge, with the benefit of reduced shrinkage of consolidated MMVF products.

The invention provides methods of making man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF), comprising incorporating metallic aluminium into the mineral charge, with the benefit of reduced shrinkage of consolidated MMVF products.

A method is provided for inputting thermal energy into fluidic medium in a process or processes related to oil refining and/or petrochemical industries by at least one rotary apparatus comprising a casing with at least one inlet and at least one exit, a rotor comprising at least one row of rotor blades arranged over a circumference of a rotor hub mounted onto a rotor shaft, and a stator configured as an assembly of stationary vanes arranged at least upstream of the at least one row of rotor blades. In the method, an amount of thermal energy is imparted to a stream of fluidic medium directed along a flow path formed inside the casing between the inlet and the exit by virtue of a series of energy transformations occurring when said stream of fluidic medium passes through stationary and rotating components of said rotary apparatus, respectively. The method further comprises: integration of said at least one rotary apparatus into a heat-consuming process facility configured as a refining and/or petrochemical facility and further configured to carry out heat-consuming process or processes related to refining of oil and/or producing petrochemicals at temperatures essentially equal to or exceeding 500 degrees Celsius (° C.), and conducting an amount of input energy into the at least one rotary apparatus integrated into the heat-consuming process facility, the input energy comprises electrical energy. A rotary apparatus and related uses are further provided.

The invention provides a method to form a melt for making man-made vitreous fibres, in which mineral raw material is melted in a gas-fired cyclone furnace and the mineral charge comprises a material that comprises metallic aluminium.

The invention provides a method to form a melt for making man-made vitreous fibres, in which mineral raw material is melted in a gas-fired cyclone furnace and the mineral charge comprises a material that comprises metallic aluminium.

A glass fiber of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 45% to 70% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 20% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10% to 35% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 88% to 98% of SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to less than 0.7% of Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, 0.1% to 12% of MgO+CaO, 0% to 3% of TiO.sub.2, and 0% to less than 0.8% of F.sub.2, and has a mass ratio CaO/MgO of 1.0 or less.

A glass fiber of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 45% to 70% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 20% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10% to 35% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 88% to 98% of SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to less than 0.7% of Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, 0.1% to 12% of MgO+CaO, 0% to 3% of TiO.sub.2, and 0% to less than 0.8% of F.sub.2, and has a mass ratio CaO/MgO of 1.0 or less.

Processes and systems for producing glass fibers having regions devoid of glass using submerged combustion melters, including feeding a vitrifiable feed material into a feed inlet of a melting zone of a melter vessel, and heating the vitrifiable material with at least one burner directing combustion products of an oxidant and a first fuel into the melting zone under a level of the molten material in the zone. One or more of the burners is configured to impart heat and turbulence to the molten material, producing a turbulent molten material comprising a plurality of bubbles suspended in the molten material, the bubbles comprising at least some of the combustion products, and optionally other gas species introduced by the burners. The molten material and bubbles are drawn through a bushing fluidly connected to a forehearth to produce a glass fiber comprising a plurality of interior regions substantially devoid of glass.