A method for preparing an amorphous metal oxide film is provided. The method comprises providing an aqueous composition comprising a metal fluorine compound; and contacting a substrate with the aqueous composition at a temperature of less than about 100° C. to obtain said amorphous metal oxide film on the substrate. An amorphous metal oxide film, and use of the amorphous metal oxide film in various applications are also provided.

A method for preparing an amorphous metal oxide film is provided. The method comprises providing an aqueous composition comprising a metal fluorine compound; and contacting a substrate with the aqueous composition at a temperature of less than about 100 C. to obtain said amorphous metal oxide film on the substrate. An amorphous metal oxide film, and use of the amorphous metal oxide film in various applications are also provided.

Bird collisions with windows or other glazings are minimized or prevented with a glazing comprising as least one substrate with a UV reflectance coating deposited over the substrate in a patterned arrangement comprised of a plurality of stripes, and each of the plurality of stripes has a thickness that changes by 10 nm or less over every 1 mm in width. Such an arrangement of stripes having soft edges are less apparent, and thus more aesthetically pleasing, when compared with a similar arrangement of stripes formed with hard edges, while providing an effective deterrent to bird collisions. The glazing may also be utilized as part of a laminated glazing or insulated glazing unit. A method of manufacturing the glazing is also provided.

A coated glass substrate is disclosed as well as a method of making the coated glass substrate. The coated glass substrate contains a glass substrate and a coating containing a hybrid network comprising at least two oxides. The coating exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than 0. 12 when measured according to ASTM D7027. The coating exhibits a critical scratch load of at least about 10 kg as measured according to ASTM test C1624-05.

A process of forming a mixed metal oxide solid is provided. The process includes the steps of obtaining a precursor composition comprising at least two metal or metalloid-containing compounds, the metal or metalloid of the at least two compounds being different, one from the other; and allowing the at least two metal or metalloid-containing compounds of the precursor composition to at least partially react by hydrolysis and/or condensation. The at least two metal or metalloid-containing compounds may have different points of zero charge (PZC). Further material or articles comprising a substrate or material coated with or otherwise in physical connection to the mixed metal oxide solid formed according to the process are also provided.

A low-reflection coating of the present invention is a porous film including: fine silica particles being solid and spherical and having an average particle diameter of 80 to 150 nm; and a binder containing silica as a main component, the fine silica particles being bound together by the binder. The binder further contains an aluminum compound. The low-reflection coating contains, as components, 55 to 70 mass % of the fine silica particles, 25 to 40 mass % of the silica of the binder, and 2 to 7 mass % of the aluminum compound in terms of Al.sub.2O.sub.3. The low-reflection coating has a thickness of 80 to 800 nm. The low-reflection coating yields a transmittance gain of 2.5% or more when provided on the substrate. The transmittance gain represents an increase in average transmittance of the substrate provided with the low-reflection coating relative to the substrate not provided with the low-reflection coating, the average transmittance being measured in the wavelength range of 380 to 850 nm.

Provided is a method of preparing a light scattering layer including voids as a light scattering enhancer instead of metal oxide particles. Provided is also a light scattering layer including voids as a light scattering enhancer instead of metal oxide particles. Provided is also an organic electroluminescent device including the light scattering layer that includes voids as the light scattering enhancer instead of metal oxide particles.

Initial film layers prepared from tin(II) chloride spontaneously generate open cavities when the initial film layers are thermally cured to about 400 C. using a temperature ramp of 1 C./minute to 10 C./minute while exposed to air. The openings of the bowl-shaped cavities have characteristic dimensions whose lengths are in a range of 30 nm to 300 nm in the plane of the top surfaces of the cured film layers. The cured film layers comprise tin oxide and have utility in gas sensors, electrodes, photocells, and solar cells.

Initial film layers prepared from tin(II) chloride spontaneously generate open cavities when the initial film layers are thermally cured to about 400 C. using a temperature ramp of 1 C./minute to 10 C./minute while exposed to air. The openings of the bowl-shaped cavities have characteristic dimensions whose lengths are in a range of 30 nm to 300 nm in the plane of the top surfaces of the cured film layers. The cured film layers comprise tin oxide and have utility in gas sensors, electrodes, photocells, and solar cells.

Bird collisions with windows or other glazings are minimized or prevented with a glazing comprising as least one substrate with a UV reflectance coating deposited over the substrate in a patterned arrangement comprised of a plurality of stripes, and each of the plurality of stripes has a thickness that changes by 10 nm or less over every 1 mm in width. Such an arrangement of stripes having soft edges are less apparent, and thus more aesthetically pleasing, when compared with a similar arrangement of stripes formed with hard edges, while providing an effective deterrent to bird collisions. The glazing may also be utilized as part of a laminated glazing or insulated glazing unit. A method of manufacturing the glazing is also provided.