Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

A glass composition, including contrast enhancing glass and contrast enhancing sunglass, having approximately 45-65 wt.-%, SiO2, 0-12 wt.-% B2O3, 0-15 wt.-%, Na2O, 0-10 wt.-% K2O, and 10 0-7 wt.-% ZnO, 1-12 wt.-% Nd2O3, 1-10 wt.-% Er2O3, 0.5-8 wt.-% Ho2O3, and 0.00-0.05 wt.-% NiO, and methods of making the same.

Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

A bioactive glass-ceramic composition as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.

A transparent gahnite-spinel glass ceramic is provided. The glass ceramic includes a first crystal phase including (Mg.sub.xZn.sub.1−x)Al.sub.2O.sub.4 where x is less than 1 and a second crystal phase including tetragonal ZrO.sub.2. The glass ceramic may be ion exchanged. Methods for producing the glass ceramic are also provided.

An opaque gahnite-spinel glass ceramic is provided. The glass ceramic includes a first crystal phase including (Mg.sub.xZn.sub.1-x)Al.sub.2O.sub.4 where x is less than 1 and a second crystal phase includes at least one of tetragonal ZrO.sub.2, MgTa.sub.2O.sub.6, mullite, and cordierite. The glass ceramic has a Young's modulus greater than or equal to 90 GPa, and has a hardness greater than or equal to 7.5 GPa. The glass ceramic may be ion exchanged. Methods for producing the glass ceramic are also provided.

Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

The invention relates to glass articles, such as for example glass tubes or flat glasses, where the material at the surface by a targeted process control has gradient material properties which in turn result in a compressive prestress of the surface. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the glass articles as well as their use.

The invention relates to glass articles, such as for example glass tubes or flat glasses, where the material at the surface by a targeted process control has gradient material properties which in turn result in a compressive prestress of the surface. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the glass articles as well as their use.

A bioactive glass-ceramic composition as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.