Provided is a glass composition that exhibits greater Faraday effect than ever before. A glass composition contains 48% or more of Tb.sub.2O.sub.3 (exclusive of 48%) in % by mole.

Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved scratch resistance. A glass-based article comprises a lithium aluminosilicate composition and a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) to sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8. The article comprises sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article and a spike depth of layer that is greater than or equal to 4 micrometers and less than or equal to 8 micrometers. The article may comprise an average compressive stress of greater than or equal to 150 MPa over a depth from 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers.

Disclosed herein are laminated glass articles having a hard scratch resistant outer surface. In some embodiments, the laminated glass article includes a glass core layer and a glass clad layer. In some embodiments, the laminated glass article includes a glass core layer sandwiched between two glass clad layers. In some embodiments, the clad glass is selected from the group of consisting of: aluminate glasses; oxynitride glasses; rare earth/transition metal glasses; beryl glasses; and glasses containing lithium, zirconium, or both lithium and zirconium. Such glass compositions can thus be used in forming the clad layer.

A glass powder composite includes a first glass powder, and a second glass powder having a different solubility from that of the first glass powder depending on pH, wherein both the first glass powder and the second glass powder have ion sustained-release properties.

A method is described for assembling at least two parts made of silicon carbide based materials by non-reactive brazing in an oxidizing atmosphere, each of the parts comprising a surface to be assembled, wherein the parts are placed in contact with a non-reactive brazing composition, the assembly formed by the parts and the brazing composition is heated to a brazing temperature sufficient for completely or at least partially melting the brazing composition, or rendering the brazing composition viscous, and the parts and the brazing composition are cooled so as to form, after cooling the latter to ambient temperature, a moderately refractory joint. The non-reactive brazing composition is a composition A consisting of silica (SiO.sub.2), alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), and calcium oxide (CaO), or a composition B consisting of alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), calcium oxide (CaO), and magnesium oxide (MgO), and, before heating the assembly formed by the parts and the brazing composition to the brazing temperature, a supply of silicon in a non-oxidized form is carried out on the surfaces to be assembled of the parts to be assembled, and/or on the surface layers comprising the surfaces to be assembled of the parts to be assembled, and/or in the brazing composition.

The present invention relates to a glass, in particular a glass for the joining of glass panes for the production of vacuum insulating glasses at processing temperatures ≦420° C., to the corresponding composite glass, and to the corresponding glass paste. Moreover, the present invention relates to a vacuum insulating glass produced using the glass paste according to the invention, to the production process thereof, and to the use of the inventive glass and/or composite glass, and glass paste. The glass according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following components, in units of mol-%: V.sub.2O.sub.5 5-58 mol-%,Te0.sub.2 40-90 mol-%, and at least one oxide selected from ZnO 38-52 mol-%, or Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1-25 mol %, or MoO.sub.3 1-10 mol-%, or WO.sub.3 1-10 mol-%, or a combination thereof.

A heat-dissipating structure is formed by bonding a first member and a second member, each being any of a metal, ceramic, and semiconductor, via a die bonding member; or a semiconductor module formed by bonding a semiconductor chip, a metal wire, a ceramic insulating substrate, and a heat-dissipating base substrate including metal, with a die bonding member interposed between each. At least one of the die bonding members includes a lead-free low-melting-point glass composition and metal particles. The lead-free low-melting-point glass composition accounts for 78 mol % or more in terms of the total of the oxides V2O5, TeO2, and Ag2O serving as main ingredients. The content of each of TeO2 and Ag2O is 1 to 2 times the content of V2O5, and at least one of BaO, WO3, and P2O5 is included as accessory ingredients, and at least one of Y2O3, La2O3, and Al2O3 is included as additional ingredients.

Provided is a glass composition that exhibits greater Faraday effect than ever before. A glass composition contains 48% or more of Tb.sub.2O.sub.3 (exclusive of 48%) in % by mole.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

A decorative glass article is substantially free of lead oxide, and has a refractive index of 1.9 or more and an Abbe number of 42 or less.